Project description:Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a secondary air pollutant and anthropogenic greenhouse gas. Concentrations of tropospheric O3 have more than doubled since the Industrial Revolution, and are high enough to damage plant productivity. Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) is the worldâs most important legume crop and is sensitive to O3. Current ground-level O3 are estimated to reduce global soybean yields by 6% to 16%. In order to understand transcriptional mechanisms of yield loss in soybean, we examined the transcriptome of soybean flower and pod tissues exposed to elevated O3 using RNA-Sequencing.
Project description:High ozone (O3) concentration causes serious damages in plant productivity. Climate models forecast that ground O3 level in the future will reach phytotoxic range, resulting in crop yield losses. With an ultimate goal to screen molecular factors to minimize losses of crop production by the rise of O3 level, we have started an investigation on effects of O3 on rice using rice DNA chip. Herein, we have utilized the samples of dry mature rice seeds harvested in an ozone-sensitive rice cultivar (Oryza sativa L. indica cv. Takanari) and a tolerant cultivar (Oryza sativa L. japonica cv. Koshihikari) which were fumigated with ambient air (mean O3: 32.7 ppb) in small open-top chambers (OTCs). First, we extracted total RNA from dry mature rice seeds of Takanari and Koshihikari using a modified protocol based on cethyltrimethylammonium bromide extraction buffer and phenol-chloroform-isoamylalcohol treatment. Furthermore, to perform microarray analysis using the Agilent 4x44 rice DNA Chip and the dye-swap method, we designed a balanced block design comparing seeds in an ambient air-fumigated rice cultivar and those in a filtered air-fumigated rice cultivar. Direct comparison of Koshihikari and Takanari O3 transcriptomes in seeds of rice plants fumigated with ambient O3 in OTCs successfully showed that genes encoding proteins involved in jasmonic acid, GABA biosynthesis, cell wall and membrane modification, starch mobilization, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis are differently regulated in an O3-sensitive cv. Takanari and a tolerant cv. Koshihikari.
Project description:High ozone (O3) concentration causes serious damages in plant productivity. Climate models forecast that ground O3 level in the future will reach phytotoxic range, resulting in crop yield losses. With an ultimate goal to screen molecular factors to minimize losses of crop production by the rise of O3 level, we have started an investigation on effects of O3 on rice using rice DNA chip. Herein, we have utilized the samples of dry mature rice seeds harvested in an ozone-sensitive rice cultivar (Oryza sativa L. indica cv. Takanari) and a tolerant cultivar (Oryza sativa L. japonica cv. Koshihikari) which were fumigated with ambient air (mean O3: 32.7 ppb) in small open-top chambers (OTCs). First, we extracted total RNA from dry mature rice seeds of Takanari and Koshihikari using a modified protocol based on cethyltrimethylammonium bromide extraction buffer and phenol-chloroform-isoamylalcohol treatment. Furthermore, to perform microarray analysis using the Agilent 4x44 rice DNA Chip and the dye-swap method, we designed a balanced block design comparing seeds in an ambient air-fumigated rice cultivar and those in a filtered air-fumigated rice cultivar. Direct comparison of Koshihikari and Takanari O3 transcriptomes in seeds of rice plants fumigated with ambient O3 in OTCs successfully showed that genes encoding proteins involved in jasmonic acid, GABA biosynthesis, cell wall and membrane modification, starch mobilization, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis are differently regulated in an O3-sensitive cv. Takanari and a tolerant cv. Koshihikari.
Project description:Paddy rice with husk can be availbale for chicken dietary resource instead of yellow corn. Ingestion of paddy rice potentially affects on gastrointestinal physiology and function including digestion/absorption of nutrients and gut barrier function such as mucosal immunity, but the details of changes is unknown. To obtain insight into the physiological modifications in the small intestine of chickens fed paddy rice, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of gene expression in small intestine by DNA microarray. In the paddy rice group, a total of 120 genes were elevated >1.5-fold in the paddy rice group, whereas a total of 159 genes were diminished < 1.5-fold. Remarkably, the gene expression levels of IGHA (immunoglobulin heavy chain α), IGJ (immunoglobulin J chain), and IGLL1 (immunoglobulin light chain λ chain region), which constitute immunoglobulin A, decreased 3 to 10 times in the paddy rice group.
Project description:High ozone (O3) concentration causes serious damages in plant productivity. Climate models forecast that ground O3 level in the future will reach phytotoxic range, resulting in crop yield losses. With an ultimate goal to screen molecular factors to minimize losses of crop production by the rise of O3 level, we have started an investigation on effects of O3 on rice using rice DNA chip. Herein, we have utilized the samples of dry mature rice seeds harvested in an ozone-sensitive rice cultivar (Oryza sativa L. indica cv. Takanari) and a tolerant cultivar (Oryza sativa L. japonica cv. Koshihikari) which were fumigated with ambient air (mean O3: 32.7 ppb) in small open-top chambers (OTCs). First, we extracted total RNA from dry mature rice seeds of Takanari and Koshihikari using a modified protocol based on cethyltrimethylammonium bromide extraction buffer and phenol-chloroform-isoamylalcohol treatment. Furthermore, to perform microarray analysis using the Agilent 4x44 rice DNA Chip and the dye-swap method, we designed a balanced block design comparing seeds in an ambient air-fumigated rice cultivar and those in a filtered air-fumigated rice cultivar. Direct comparison of Koshihikari and Takanari O3 transcriptomes in seeds of rice plants fumigated with ambient O3 in OTCs successfully showed that genes encoding proteins involved in jasmonic acid, GABA biosynthesis, cell wall and membrane modification, starch mobilization, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis are differently regulated in an O3-sensitive cv. Takanari and a tolerant cv. Koshihikari.
Project description:High ozone (O3) concentration causes serious damages in plant productivity. Climate models forecast that ground O3 level in the future will reach phytotoxic range, resulting in crop yield losses. With an ultimate goal to screen molecular factors to minimize losses of crop production by the rise of O3 level, we have started an investigation on effects of O3 on rice using rice DNA chip. Herein, we have utilized the samples of dry mature rice seeds harvested in an ozone-sensitive rice cultivar (Oryza sativa L. indica cv. Takanari) and a tolerant cultivar (Oryza sativa L. japonica cv. Koshihikari) which were fumigated with ambient air (mean O3: 32.7 ppb) in small open-top chambers (OTCs). First, we extracted total RNA from dry mature rice seeds of Takanari and Koshihikari using a modified protocol based on cethyltrimethylammonium bromide extraction buffer and phenol-chloroform-isoamylalcohol treatment. Furthermore, to perform microarray analysis using the Agilent 4x44 rice DNA Chip and the dye-swap method, we designed a balanced block design comparing seeds in an ambient air-fumigated rice cultivar and those in a filtered air-fumigated rice cultivar. Direct comparison of Koshihikari and Takanari O3 transcriptomes in seeds of rice plants fumigated with ambient O3 in OTCs successfully showed that genes encoding proteins involved in jasmonic acid, GABA biosynthesis, cell wall and membrane modification, starch mobilization, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis are differently regulated in an O3-sensitive cv. Takanari and a tolerant cv. Koshihikari. Comparison between O. sativa L. indica cv. Takanari and japonica cv. Koshihikari grown under ozone for their lifetime was performed. Controls were plants grown under filtered air. Three biological replicates (4 plants in each biological replicate in each small open top chamber - seed; pooled) were used, and dye-swaped.
Project description:Ozone at an elevated level is an important environmental stress factor that limits plant growth and development. To test how O3-induced ROS signalling interacts with the ABA pathway we present a global characterization of O3-responsive genes in the abi1td mutant. To understand better ABA signalling and the interactions between stress-response pathways we also performed a microarray analysis of drought-treated abi1td and WT plants. Since ABA signalling is well known to mediate defined responses based on the WT and different mutants analysis in drought stress conditions, the comparison of the O3 and drought stress response in abi1td enabled the identification of new processes depending on ABA-related pathways in O3-treated plants. Altogether, our findings indicate that ABI1 plays the role of a general signal transducer linking diferrent hormone signalling pathways to O3 stress tolerance.<br><br><br><br>Key words: ROS signalling; ABA signalling; ozone stress; drought stress; environmental stress; gene knockout;
Project description:Background: The mechanisms underlying ozone (O3)-induced pulmonary inflammation remain unclear. Interleukin (IL)-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that is known to inhibit inflammatory mediators. Objectives: The current study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying IL-10-mediated attenuation of O3-induced pulmonary inflammation in mice. Methods: Il10-deficient (Il10-/-) and wild type (Il10+/+) mice were exposed to 0.3-ppm O3 or filtered air for 24, 48 or 72 hr. Immediately following exposure, differential cell counts, and total protein (a marker of lung permeability) were assessed from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). mRNA and protein levels of cellular mediators were determined from lung homogenates. We also utilized global mRNA expression analyses of lung tissue with Ingenuity Pathway Analyses (IPA) to identify patterns of gene expression through which IL-10 modifies O3-induced inflammation. Results: Mean numbers of BALF polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were significantly greater in Il10-/- mice than in Il10+/+ mice after exposure to O3 at all time points tested. O3-enhanced nuclear NF-kB translocation was elevated in the lungs of Il10-/- compared to Il10+/+ mice. Gene expression analyses revealed several key IL-10 and O3-dependent mediators, including IL-6, MIP-2, IL-1 and CD86. Conclusions: Results indicated that IL-10 protects against O3-induced pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation and cell proliferation. Moreover, gene expression analyses identified three response pathways and several novel genetic targets (e.g. Ccr1, Socs3, Il33, Hat1, and Gale) through which IL10 may modulate the innate and adaptive immune response. These novel mechanisms of protection against the pathogenesis of O3-induced pulmonary inflammation may also provide potential therapeutic targets to protect susceptible individuals.