Araceae
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REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Evolutionary dynamics of mutational hotspots in subfamily Monsteriodeae (Araceae)
| PRJNA547622 | ENA
Project description:Chloroplast genomes of subfamily Pothoideae (Araceae)
| PRJNA547619 | ENA
Project description:Evaluation of mutational dynamics of chloroplast genomes in Araceae
| PRJNA547613 | ENA
Project description:Elucidating the evolutionary patterns of flower and inflorescence structure is pivotal to understanding the phylogenetic relationships of Angiosperms as a whole. The inflorescence morphology and anatomy of Philodendron subgenus Meconostigma, belonging to the monocot family Araceae, has been widely studied but the evolutionary relationships of subgenus Meconostigma and the evolution of its flower characters have hitherto remained unclear. This study examines gynoecium evolution in subgenus Meconostigma in the context of an estimated molecular phylogeny for all extant species of subgenus Meconostigma and analysis of ancestral character reconstructions of some gynoecial structures. The phylogenetic reconstructions of all extant Meconostigma species were conducted under a maximum likelihood approach based on the sequences of two chloroplast (trnk and matK) and two nuclear (ETS and 18S) markers. This topology was used to reconstruct the ancestral states of seven floral characters and to elucidate their evolutionary pattern in the Meconostigma lineage. Our phylogeny shows that Meconostigma is composed of two major clades, one comprising two Amazonian species and the other all the species from the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes with one Amazonian species. The common ancestor of the species of subgenus Meconostigma probably possessed short stylar lobes, long stylar canals, a stylar body, a vascular plexus in the gynoecium and druses in the stylar parenchyma but it is uncertain whether raphide inclusions were present in the parenchyma. The ancestral lineage also probably possessed up to 10 ovary locules. The evolution of these characters seems to have occurred independently in some lineages. We propose that the morphological and anatomical diversity observed in the gynoecial structures of subgenus Meconostigma is the result of an ongoing process of fusion of floral structures leading to a reduction of energy wastage and increase in stigmatic surface.
| S-EPMC3935929 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Philodendron is the second most diverse genus of the Araceae, a tropical monocot family with significant morphological diversity along its wide geographic distribution in the Neotropics. Although evolutionary studies of Philodendron were conducted in recent years, the phylogenetic relationship among its species remains unclear. Additionally, analyses conducted to date suggested the inclusion of all American representatives of a closely-related genus, Homalomena, within the Philodendron clade. A thorough evaluation of the phylogeny and timescale of these lineages is thus necessary to elucidate the tempo and mode of evolution of this large Neotropical genus and to unveil the biogeographic history of Philodendron evolution along the Amazonian and Atlantic rainforests as well as open dry forests of South America. To this end, we have estimated the molecular phylogeny for 68 Philodendron species, which consists of the largest sampling assembled to date aiming the study of the evolutionary affinities. We have also performed ancestral reconstruction of species distribution along biomes. Finally, we contrasted these results with the inferred timescale of Philodendron and Homalomena lineage diversification. Our estimates indicate that American Homalomena is the sister clade to Philodendron. The early diversification of Philodendron took place in the Amazon forest from Early to Middle Miocene, followed by colonization of the Atlantic forest and the savanna-like landscapes, respectively. Based on the age of the last common ancestor of Philodendron, the species of this genus diversified by rapid radiations, leading to its wide extant distribution in the Neotropical region.
| S-EPMC4811177 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This work determined and analyzed the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch ex N.E.Br 1858 from Yunnan, China. The genome size was 167,470 bp, of which contains a large single-copy region (LSC 93,443 bp), a small single-copy region (SSC 21,575 bp), and a pair of inverted repeat regions (IR 26,226 bp). The chloroplast genome has 131 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNAs, and eight rRNAs. A previous study reported deletion of accD, psbE, and trnG-GCC genes in the A. konjac chloroplast genome. Our study supports the conservative structure of A. konjac and does not support the gene deletion mentioned above. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that A. konjac shares a close relationship with another A. konjac (collected from Guizhou) and A. titanium by forming a clade in the genus Amorphophallus. Our results provide some useful information to the evolution of the family Araceae.
| S-EPMC10776074 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Colocasia kachinensis S.S. Zhou & J.T. Yin, is described and illustrated as a new species of Araceae from Kachin, Mynamar. The morphological characters are compared to those of other Colocasia species. Colocasia kachinensis is closely related to C. menglaensis J.T Yin, H. Li & Z.F. Xu, 2004, but differs from in having an erect stem, no stolons, smaller size, a different pattern of surface bristle distribution and male flowers 1-4-androus with stamens connate in truncate synandrium.
| S-EPMC6969015 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The genus Remusatia (Araceae) includes four species distributed in the tropical and subtropical Old World. The phylogeny of Remusatia was constructed using parsimony and Bayesian analyses of sequence data from three plastid regions (the rbcL gene, the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer, and the rps16 intron). Phylogenetic analyses of the concatenated plastid data suggested that the monophyly of Remusatia was not supported because R. hookeriana did not form a clade with the other three species R. vivipara, R. yunnanensis, and R. pumila. Nevertheless, the topology of the analysis constraining Remusatia to monophyly was congruent with the topology of the unconstrained analysis. The results confirmed the inclusion of the previously separate genus Gonatanthus within Remusatia and disagreed with the current infrageneric classification of the genus.
| S-EPMC3269673 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A lack of genetic markers impedes our understanding of the population biology of Lemna minor. Thus, the development of appropriate genetic markers for L. minor promises to be highly useful for population genetic studies and for addressing other life history questions regarding the species. • For the first time, we characterized nine polymorphic and 24 monomorphic chloroplast microsatellite markers in L. minor using DNA samples of 26 individuals sampled from five populations in Kashmir and of 17 individuals from three populations in Quebec. Initially, we designed 33 primer pairs, which were tested on genomic DNA from natural populations. Nine loci provided markers with two alleles. Based on genotyping of the chloroplast DNA fragments from 43 sampled individuals, we identified one haplotype in Quebec and 11 haplotypes in Kashmir, of which one occurs in 56% of the genotypes, one in 8%, and nine in 4%, respectively. There was a maximum of two alleles per locus. • These new chloroplast microsatellite markers for L. minor and haplotype distribution patterns indicate a complex phylogeographic history that merits further investigation.
| S-EPMC4103473 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Typhonium giganteum, a species of the Araceae family, was characterized from the de novo assembly of HiSeq (Illumina Co.) paired-end sequencing data. The chloroplast genome of T. giganteum was 165,289 bp in length, with a large single-copy (LSC) region of 91,747 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 22,550 bp, and a pair of identical inverted repeat regions (IRs) of 25,496 bp. The genome contained a total of 132 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 38 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and 8 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The phylogenetic analysis of T. giganteum with 12 related species revealed the closest taxonomical relationship with Pinellia pedatisecta in the Araceae.
| S-EPMC7782031 | biostudies-literature