Effect of IFI16 on cGAS-STING pathway
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJEB18609 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERR1758930.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR1758940.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR1758931.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR1758941.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR1758932.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:ENPP1 expression correlates with poor prognosis in many cancers, and we previously discovered that ENPP1 is the dominant hydrolase of extracellular cGAMP: a cancer-cell-produced immunotransmitter that activates the anticancer STING pathway. However, ENPP1 has other catalytic activities and the molecular and cellular mechanisms contributing to its tumorigenic effects remain unclear. Here, using single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq), we show that ENPP1 overexpression drives primary tumor growth and metastasis by synergistically dampening extracellular cGAMP-STING mediated antitumoral immunity and activating immunosuppressive extracellular adenosine (eADO) signaling. In addition to cancer cells, stromal and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) also express ENPP1 which functions as a gate keeper to block cGAMP sensing in these cells. Enpp1 knockout in both cancer cells and normal tissues slowed primary tumor growth and prevented metastasis in an extracellular cGAMP- and STING-dependent manner. Lastly, an ENPP1 knock-in mutation that selectively abolishes ENPP1’s cGAMP hydrolysis activity phenocopied total ENPP1 knockout, demonstrating that restoration of paracrine cGAMP-STING signaling is the dominant anti-cancer mechanism of ENPP1 inhibition. In summary, selectively blocking ENPP1’s cGAMP hydrolysis activity is a promising therapeutic approach for treating cancer.
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Project description:APOL1 alleles G1 and G2 are associated with faster progression to lupus nephritis (LN)-associated end-stage renal disease (LN-ESRD) in African Americans. Increased levels of type I interferons (IFNs) and nucleosome-associated double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) fragments (nsDNA) are the hallmark of this disease. Here, we identify cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) as the major DNA sensors in human immortalized podocytes. We also show that nsDNA triggers the expression of APOL1 and IFNβ via IRF3 activation through the cGAS/IFI16-STING pathway. We demonstrate that maximal APOL1 expression also requires the activation of type I IFN receptor (IFNAR) and STAT1 signaling triggered by IFNβ produced in response to nsDNA, or by exogenous IFNβ. Finally, we show that STAT1 activation is sufficient to upregulate IFI16, subsequently boosting APOL1 expression through a positive feedback mechanism. Collectively, we find that nsDNA-induced APOL1 expression is mediated by both IFNβ-independent and dependent signaling pathways triggered by activation of the cGAS/IFI16-STING pathway. We propose that simultaneous inhibition of STING and the IFNAR-STAT1 pathway may attenuate IFI16 expression, reduce IFI16-cGAS cross-talk, and prevent excessive APOL1 expression in human podocytes in response to nsDNA.
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Project description:Innate DNA sensing via the cGAS-STING pathway surveys both microbial invasion and cellular damage, constituting a ubiquitous mechanism for host defense and tissue homeostasis. However, very little is known about the signaling mechanism(s) and physiological impacts downstream of cGAS-STING signaling and independent of the classical TBK1-IRF3-IFN cascade. Here, we identified an unrecognized STING-PERK-eIF2α signaling axis that was specific and controlled cap-dependent translation, a fundamental cellular process. STING, upon activation by 2'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), robustly bound and directly activated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-located kinase PERK, and this process was upstream of IRF3 activation and independent of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and TBK1/IKKε. Innate DNA sensing suppressed global translation programs but selectively ensured the activation of some pathways by PERK-mediated eIF2α phosphorylation and the rapid regulation of protein synthesis, enabling translational modulation of immune responses. Notably, the STING-PERK-eIF2α axis is an evolutionarily primitive component of STING-TBKI-IRF3-IFN signaling and is physiologically critical in pulmonary and renal fibrosis as well as in the regulation of cellular senescence. Therefore, these findings establish the first noncanonical pathway of the cGAS-STING mechanism and demonstrate the physiological importance of this STING-triggered selective translation, which we propose as a promising therapeutic target for fibrotic diseases.
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Project description:To reconstruct the ancestry of animal innate immunity, we have developed the choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis, one of the closest living relatives of animals, as a model for studying mechanisms underlying pathogen recognition and immune response. We found that M. brevicollis is killed by exposure to Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria and selectively avoids ingesting them. Moreover, M. brevicollis expresses STING, which, in animals, activates innate immune pathways in response to cyclic dinucleotides during pathogen sensing. M. brevicollis STING increases the susceptibility of M. brevicollis to P. aeruginosa-induced cell death and is required for responding to the cyclic dinucleotide 2’3’ cGAMP. Furthermore, similar to animals, autophagic signaling in M. brevicollis is induced by 2’3’ cGAMP in a STING-dependent manner.
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Project description:Rapid and dynamically shifting protein-protein interactions (PPIs) underlie the capacity of cells to recognize viral infections and ignite the downstream cascades that constitute the innate-immune response. Herpesviruses share an ancient history of coevolution with their hosts and have developed reciprocal methods to suppress or hijack immune response proteins — underscoring the biological complexity of host-pathogen interactions during the immune response. Accordingly, conventional approaches to studying PPIs downstream of innate immune sensing fail to capture both the global scope and the dynamic on-off behavior of protein complexes as they are altered throughout cellular space and time. To overcome this barrier, we have applied Thermal Proteome Profiling Mass Spectrometry (TPP-MS) to systemically characterize PPIs that coordinate the innate-immune response to Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) infection in primary human fibroblasts. Further, by advancing the power of thermal protein co ggregation analysis (TPCA) to infer associations de novo and to globally track these PPIs, we developed a time-resolved portrait of cellular and viral protein associations with IFI16, a nuclear DNA sensor that serves as a central platform for HSV-1 immune responses. Our TPCA analysis, along with high-resolution microscopy and molecular virological techniques, linked IFI16 sensing of viral DNA in the nuclear periphery to the master DNA damage response (DDR) regulatory kinase, DNA-PK — the activation of which we show to be necessary for the antiviral and inflammatory responses to infection. Finally, phospho-peptide enrichment and MS analysis of DNA-PK substrates revealed IFI16 to be targeted by DNA-PK after both DNA damage and viral infection. Functional analysis of this DDR-dependent IFI16 phosphorylation revealed the specific modified residue required for IFI16-driven cytokine responses. Altogether, our study represents the first systems-wide characterization of the global dynamics of PPIs during HSV-1 infection and uncovers a missing link in the immune signaling pathway that places IFI16 and DNA-PK at the center of herpesvirus innate immunity.
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