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Romanian and Spanish palaeogenomes

ABSTRACT: Paleogenomic evidence for multi-generational mixing between Neolithic farmers and Mesolithic hunter-gatherers in the Lower Danube basin

PROVIDER: PRJEB20614 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	ERR1951940_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR1951940_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR1951941_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR1951941_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR1951942_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Romanina and Spanish palaeogenomes

Project description:Paleogenomic evidence for multi-generational mixing between Neolithic farmers and Mesolithic hunter-gatherers in the Lower Danube basin

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Rivollat_etal_2020_aDNA_France_Mesolithic_Neolithic_transition

Project description:Ancient genome-wide DNA from France highlights the complexity of interactions between Mesolithic hunter-gatherers and Neolithic farmers

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Natural selection has contributed to functional immune response differences between human hunter-gatherers and agriculturalists

Project description:The shift from a hunter-gatherer (HG) to an agricultural (AG) mode of subsistence is believed to have been associated with profound changes in the burden and diversity of pathogens across human populations. Yet, the extent to which the advent of agriculture impacted the evolution of the human immune system remains unknown. Here we present a comparative study of variation in the transcriptional responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to bacterial and viral stimuli between the Batwa, a rainforest hunter-gatherer, and the Bakiga, an agriculturalist population from Central Africa. We observed increased divergence between hunter-gatherers and farmers in the transcriptional response to viruses compared to that for bacterial stimuli. We demonstrate that a significant fraction of these transcriptional differences are under genetic control, and we show that positive natural selection has helped to shape population differences in immune regulation. Unexpectedly, we found stronger signatures of recent natural selection in the rainforest hunter-gatherers, which argues against the popularized notion that shifts in pathogen exposure due to the advent of agriculture imposed radically heightened selective pressures in agriculturalist populations.

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Project description:Origins and genetic legacy of Neolithic farmers and hunter-gatherers in Europe

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Vittrup Man – the life-history of a genetic foreigner in Neolithic Denmark

Project description:The deadly maltreated body of Vittrup Man was deposited in a Danish bog, probably as part of a ritualised sacrifice. It happened between c. 3300 and 3100 cal years BC, i.e., during the period of the local farming-based Funnel Beaker Culture. In terms of skull morphological features he differs from the majority of the contemporaneous farmers found in Denmark, and associates with hunter-gatherers, who inhabited Scandinavia during the previous millennia. His skeletal remains were selected for transdisciplinary analysis to reveal his life-history in terms of a population historical perspective. We report the combined results of an integrated set of genetic, isotopic, physical anthropological and archaeological analytical approaches. Strontium signature suggests a foreign birthplace that could be in Norway or Sweden. In addition, enamel oxygen isotope values indicate that as a child he lived in a colder climate, i.e., to the north of the regions inhabited by farmers. Genomic data in fact demonstrates that he is closely related to Mesolithic humans known from Norway and Sweden. Moreover, dietary stable isotope analyses on enamel and bone collagen demonstrate a fisher-hunter way of life in his childhood and a diet typical of farmers later on. Such a volatile life-history is also reflected by proteomic analysis of hardened organic deposits on his teeth, indicating the consumption of forager food (seal, whale and marine fish) as well as farmer food (sheep/goat). From a dietary isotopic transect of one of his teeth it is shown that his transfer between societies of foragers and farmers took place near to the end of his late teenage years.

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Project description:To investigate the relationship between host genetics and the oral microbiome composition of Agta hunter-gatherers from the Philippines, we genotyped the Agta population (hunter-gatherers from Philippines) together with BaYaka (hunter-gatherers from Congo) and Palanan farmers (neighbouring population of the Agta).

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Project description:To investigate the factors affecting the composition of the oral microbiome of Agta hunter-gatherers from the Philippines, we sequenced the 16S rRNA region from saliva samples from the Agta population (hunter-gatherers from Philippines) together with BaYaka (hunter-gatherers from Congo) and Palanan farmers (neighboring population of the Agta).

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