Senataxin resolves R-loops forming at DNA double strand breaks to prevent translocations
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJEB24001 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERR2224140.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR2224141.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR2224142.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR2224143.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR2224144_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:DNA Double Strands Breaks (DSBs) are highly detrimental since they can lead to mutations and chromosomes rearrangements (amplification, deletion, translocation and chromosome loss). Here, we set to assess the role of senataxin, a RNA:DNA helicase involved in the regulation of transcription and the maintenance of genome integrity, at sites of DNA Double Strand Breaks. We performed ChIP-Seq mapping of senataxin before and after damage, genome-wide DNA:RNA hybrids (DRIP) mapping before and after damage. We also performed RNA-Seq and RNA pol II mapping (total and phosphorylated on serine 2 of the CTD) by ChIP-Seq in undamaged cells to discriminate between damage in active versus inactive regions.
2018-02-20 | E-MTAB-6318 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia 2 (AOA-2) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS4) are neurological disorders caused by mutations in the gene encoding for senataxin (SETX), a putative RNA:DNA helicase involved in transcription and in the maintenance of genome integrity. Here, using ChIP followed by high throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq), we report that senataxin is recruited at DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) when they occur in transcriptionally active loci. Genome-wide mapping unveiled that RNA:DNA hybrids accumulate on DSB-flanking chromatin but display a narrow, DSB-induced, depletion near DNA ends coinciding with senataxin binding. Although neither required for resection nor for timely repair of DSBs, senataxin was found to promote Rad51 recruitment, to minimize illegitimate rejoining of distant DNA ends and to sustain cell viability following DSB production in active genes. Our data suggest that senataxin functions at DSBs in order to limit translocations and ensure cell viability, providing new insights on AOA2/ALS4 neuropathies.
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Project description:Class switch recombination generates antibody distinct isotypes critical to a robust adaptive immune system and defects are associated with auto-immune disorders and lymphomagenesis. Transcription is required during class switch to recruit the cytidine deaminase AID—an essential step for the formation of DNA doublestrand breaks—and strongly induces the formation of R loops within the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. However, the impact of R loops on double-strand break formation and repair during class switch recombination remains unclear. Here we report that cells lacking two enzymes involved in R loop removal— Senataxin and RNase H2—exhibit increased R loop formation and genome instability at the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus without impacting class switch recombination efficiency, transcriptional activity, or AID recruitment. Senataxin and RNase H2-deficient cells also exhibit increased insertion mutations at switch junctions, a hallmark of alternative end joining. Importantly, these phenotypes were not observed in cells lacking Senataxin or RNase H2B alone. We propose that Senataxin acts redundantly with RNase H2 to mediate timely R loop removal, promoting efficient repair while suppressing AID-dependent genome instability and insertional mutagenesis.
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Project description:The fidelity of transcription is essential for genome stability, especially when DNA damage happens. However, how the transcription cycle is regulated remains unknown. Here, we found that INTS6 is a fundamental player, which recruits PP2A to double-strand breaks (DSBs) and functions together with senataxin (SETX). The in-depth insight of ChromeRNA-seq shows that INTS6 is not only involved in global transcription termination but also the de novo transcription termination. Therefore, INTS6 is a great target for future translational studies.
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Project description:Here we analysed the role of yeast Senataxin (Sen1) in coordinating replication with transcription and in protecting genome integrity. Senataxin is mutated in the two severe neurodegenerative diseases AOA2 and ALS4. We show that a fraction of Sen1/Senataxin DNA/RNA helicase associates with replication forks and protects the integrity of those fork encountering highly expressed RNAPII genes. sen1 mutants accumulate aberrant DNA structures and RNA-DNA hybrids while forks clash head-on with RNAPII transcription units and counteract recombinogenic events and accumulation of checkpoint signals. Nrd1, which acts togheter with Sen1 in trascription temination, is not recruited at replication forks. nrd1 mutants does not display replication defects, high genome instability and checkpoint activation observed in sen1 mutants The Sen1 function in replication can be therefore separable from its role in RNA processing. We propose a role for Sen1/Senataxin during chromosome replication in facilitating replisome progression across RNAPII transcribed genes thus preventing DNA-RNA hybrids accumulation when forks encounter nascent transcripts on the lagging strand template.
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Project description:Chromosomal translocations result from the joining of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and frequentlycause cancer. However, the steps linking DSB formation to DSB ligation remain undeciphered. Wereport that DNA replication timing (RT) directly regulates lymphomagenicMyctranslocations duringantibody maturation in B cells downstream of DSBs and independently of DSB frequency. Depletion ofminichromosome maintenance complexes alters replication origin activity, decreases translocations,and deregulates global RT. Ablating a single origin atMyccauses an early-to-late RT switch, loss oftranslocations, and reduced proximity with the immunoglobulin heavy chain (Igh) gene, its majortranslocation partner. These phenotypes were reversed by restoring early RT. Disruption of early RT alsoreduced tumorigenic translocations in human leukemic cells. Thus, RT constitutes a general mechanismin translocation biogenesis linking DSB formation to DSB ligation.
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Project description:The extent to which the three-dimensional organization of the genome contributes to chromosomal translocations is an important question in cancer genomics. We now have generated a high-resolution Hi-C spatial organization map of the G1-arrested mouse pro-B cell genome and mapped translocations from target DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) within it via high-throughput genome-wide translocation sequencing. RAG endonuclease-cleaved antigen-receptor loci are dominant translocation partners for target DSBs regardless of genomic position, reflecting high frequency DSBs at these loci and their co-localization in a fraction of cells. To directly assess spatial proximity contributions, we normalized genomic DSBs via ionizing-radiation. Under these conditions, translocations were highly enriched in cis along single chromosomes containing target DSBs and within other chromosomes and sub-chromosomal domains in a manner directly related to pre-existing spatial proximity. Our studies reveal the power of combining two high-throughput genomic methods to address long-standing questions in cancer biology. Hi-C interaction maps for WT and ATM -/- G1-arrested AMuLV-transformed pro-B cell lines.
2012-02-16 | E-GEOD-35519 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Here we analysed the role of yeast Senataxin (Sen1) in coordinating replication with transcription and in protecting genome integrity. Senataxin is mutated in the two severe neurodegenerative diseases AOA2 and ALS4. We show that a fraction of Sen1/Senataxin DNA/RNA helicase associates with replication forks and protects the integrity of those fork encountering highly expressed RNAPII genes. sen1 mutants accumulate aberrant DNA structures and RNA-DNA hybrids while forks clash head-on with RNAPII transcription units and counteract recombinogenic events and accumulation of checkpoint signals. Nrd1, which acts togheter with Sen1 in trascription temination, is not recruited at replication forks. nrd1 mutants does not display replication defects, high genome instability and checkpoint activation observed in sen1 mutants The Sen1 function in replication can be therefore separable from its role in RNA processing. We propose a role for Sen1/Senataxin during chromosome replication in facilitating replisome progression across RNAPII transcribed genes thus preventing DNA-RNA hybrids accumulation when forks encounter nascent transcripts on the lagging strand template. Chip on chip analysis was carried out as described (Bermejo et al., 2011), employing anti-Flag monoclonal antibody M2 (Sigma-Aldrich) Labelled probes were hybridized to Affymetrix S.cerevisiae Tiling 1.0 (P/N 900645) arrays and processed with TAS software.
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Project description:Igh/Myc translocations underlie both sporadic Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and the endemic clinical form affecting African children infected with malaria. However, while sporadic translocations decapitate Myc from 5' proximal regulatory elements, most endemic events occur hundreds of kilobases away from Myc. The origin of these rearrangements and how they deregulate oncogenes at such distances remain unclear. Here we recapitulate endemic BL-like translocations in plasmacytomas from uracil N-glycosylase (UNG) deficient mice. We demonstrate that in these animals, rare endemic-like translocations arise from non-targeted DNA breaks at Myc loci. Deep-sequencing analyses revealed that the deregulated 3' Igh enhancer alpha physically interacts with and remodels 0.45Mb of translocated chromatin. The results thus explain the long-range deregulation of oncogenes in human and mouse B cell tumors. ChIP-Seq, 4C, and 1 RNASeq samples used to characterize mouse plasmacytoma cell lines and in vitro activated mouse B cells. Biological replicates are present for many of the samples.
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