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First record of azalea rough bollworm Earias roseifera BUTLER, 1881 in Europe

ABSTRACT: First record of azalea rough bollworm Earias roseifera BUTLER, 1881 in Europe

PROVIDER: PRJEB30266 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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Project description:Clostridioides difficile introduces phenotypic heterogeneity into populations via phase variation. C. difficile modulates phase variation through invertible DNA sequences containing regulatory information, termed switches. Inversion of a switch controls expression of the adjacent genes in an ON/OFF manner, resulting in phenotypic switching. The C. difficile cmr switch (for ‘colony morphology regulator’) coordinates several phenotypes. When cmr is ON, C. difficile displays a rough colony morphology, surface motility, and cell chaining and elongation. When cmr is OFF, colonies are smooth, and high levels of swimming motility and biofilm formation are observed. Prior work has also linked colony morphology and cmr switch orientation to virulence in the hanster model of infection (Garrett et al., PLoS Biology, 2019). The cmr-ON orientation results in the expression of cmrRST, an operon encoding a signal transduction system. CmrS is a predicted histidine kinase, and CmrR and CmrT are response regulators. We have shown that CmrR and CmrT are responsible for the observed cmr-associated phenotypes (Garrett et al., PLoS Biology, 2019). The goal of this study is to identify the genes that are regulated by CmrR and CmrT and determine how these genes contribute to colony morphology and the other cmr-associated phenotypes. To identify genes important for C. difficile colony morphology, we conducted a multi-pronged RNA-Seq study comparing the following transcriptomes: (1) Rough vs. smooth colony variants of wild-type, (2) cmr-ON vs. cmr-OFF phase-locked strains, (3) Rough, smooth, cmr-ON, and cmr-OFF vs. a ΔcmrRΔcmrT mutant, and (4) Wild-type overexpressing either cmrR or cmrT vs. a no-overexpression condition. Transcription analyses revealed that CmrRST accounts for some, but not all, transcriptional differences between rough and smooth colony morphotypes. Fewer than 20 genes were differentially expressed by CmrR and/or CmrT (≥4-fold change, p<0.05). Most of those genes appeared in the rough vs. smooth and cmr-ON vs. -OFF datasets as well, and further phenotypic analyses of CmrRST-regulated genes revealed multiple genes that mediated rough colony development.

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First record of azalea rough bollworm Earias roseifera BUTLER, 1881 in Europe

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