Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever caused by Borrelia persica in a Traveler returning from Central Asia
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJEB35490 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERR3675369.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR3675369_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR3675369_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:We report a case of tick-borne relapsing fever caused by Borrelia persica in a traveler returning to Switzerland from central Asia. After the disease was diagnosed by blood smear microscopy, the causative Borrelia species was confirmed by shotgun metagenomics sequencing. PCR and sequencing techniques provide highly sensitive diagnostic tools superior to microscopy.
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Project description:Borrelia miyamotoi is a relapsing fever spirochete that shares the same vector as Lyme disease causing Borrelia. This epidemiological study of B. miyamotoi was conducted in rodent reservoirs, tick vectors and human populations simultaneously. A total of 640 rodents and 43 ticks were collected from Phop Phra district, Tak province, Thailand. The prevalence rate for all Borrelia species was 2.3% and for B. miyamotoi was 1.1% in the rodent population, while the prevalence rate was quite high in ticks collected from rodents with an infection rate of 14.5% (95% CI: 6.3-27.6%). Borrelia miyamotoi was detected in Ixodes granulatus collected from Mus caroli and Berylmys bowersi, and was also detected in several rodent species (Bandicota indica, Mus spp., and Leopoldamys sabanus) that live in a cultivated land, increasing the risk of human exposure. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the B. miyamotoi isolates detected in rodents and I. granulatus ticks in this study were similar to isolates detected in European countries. Further investigation was conducted to determine the serological reactivity to B. miyamotoi in human samples received from Phop Phra hospital, Tak province and in rodents captured from Phop Phra district using an in-house, direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay with B. miyamotoi recombinant glycerophosphodiester-phosphodiesterase (rGlpQ) protein as coated antigen. The results showed that 17.9% (15/84) of human patients and 9.0% (41/456) of captured rodents had serological reactivity to B. miyamotoi rGlpQ protein in the study area. While a low level of IgG antibody titers (100-200) was observed in the majority of seroreactive samples, higher titers (400-1,600) were also detected in both humans and rodents. This study provides the first evidence of B. miyamotoi exposure in human and rodent populations in Thailand and the possible roles of local rodent species and Ixodes granulatus tick in its enzootic transmission cycle in nature.
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Project description:Borrelia turicatae is a causative agent of tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) in the subtropics and tropics of the United States and Latin America. Historically, B. turicatae was thought to be maintained in enzootic cycles in rural areas. However, there is growing evidence that suggests the pathogen has established endemic foci in densely populated regions of Texas. With the growth of homelessness in the state and human activity in city parks, it was important to implement field collection efforts to identify areas where B. turicatae and its vector circulate. Between 2017 and 2020 we collected Ornithodoros turicata ticks in suburban and urban areas including public and private parks and recreational spaces. Ticks were fed on naïve mice and spirochetes were isolated from the blood. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed on eight newly obtained isolates and included previously reported sequences. The four chromosomal loci targeted for MLST were 16S ribosomal RNA (rrs), flagellin B (flaB), DNA gyrase B (gyrB), and the intergenic spacer (IGS). Given the complexity of Borrelia genomes, plasmid diversity was also evaluated. These studies indicate that the IGS locus segregates B. turicatae into four genomic types and plasmid diversity is extensive between isolates. Furthermore, B. turicatae and its vector have established endemic foci in parks and recreational areas in densely populated settings of Texas.
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Project description:The zoonotic pathogen Borrelia hermsii bears its multiple paralogous genes for variable antigens on several linear plasmids. Application of combined long-read and short-read next-generation sequencing provided complete sequences for antigen-encoding plasmids as well as other linear and circular plasmids and the linear chromosome of the genome.
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Project description:The primary cause of tick-borne relapsing fever in western North America is Borrelia hermsii, a rodent-associated spirochete transmitted by the fast-feeding soft tick Ornithodoros hermsi. We describe a patient who had an illness consistent with relapsing fever after exposure in the mountains near Los Angeles, California, USA. The patient's convalescent-phase serum was seropositive for B. hermsii but negative for several other vector-borne bacterial pathogens. Investigations at the exposure site showed the presence of O. hermsi ticks infected with B. hermsii and the presence of rodents that were seropositive for the spirochete. We determined that this tick-borne disease is endemic to the San Gabriel Mountains near the greater Los Angeles metropolitan area.
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Project description:In an effort to understand how a tick-borne pathogen adapts to the body louse, we sequenced and compared the genomes of the recurrent fever agents Borrelia recurrentis and B. duttonii. The 1,242,163-1,574,910-bp fragmented genomes of B. recurrentis and B. duttonii contain a unique 23-kb linear plasmid. This linear plasmid exhibits a large polyT track within the promoter region of an intact variable large protein gene and a telomere resolvase that is unique to Borrelia. The genome content is characterized by several repeat families, including antigenic lipoproteins. B. recurrentis exhibited a 20.4% genome size reduction and appeared to be a strain of B. duttonii, with a decaying genome, possibly due to the accumulation of genomic errors induced by the loss of recA and mutS. Accompanying this were increases in the number of impaired genes and a reduction in coding capacity, including surface-exposed lipoproteins and putative virulence factors. Analysis of the reconstructed ancestral sequence compared to B. duttonii and B. recurrentis was consistent with the accelerated evolution observed in B. recurrentis. Vector specialization of louse-borne pathogens responsible for major epidemics was associated with rapid genome reduction. The correlation between gene loss and increased virulence of B. recurrentis parallels that of Rickettsia prowazekii, with both species being genomic subsets of less-virulent strains.
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Project description:Direct amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and a variable region of the flagellin gene from fetal liver-associated spirochetes belonging to the Borrelia parkeri-B. turicatae tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete group with a late-term abortion in a mare are described.
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Project description: Not available
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Project description:BackgroundIn the United States, Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever (TBRF) in dogs is caused by the spirochete bacteria Borrelia turicatae and Borrelia hermsii, transmitted by Ornithodoros spp. ticks. The hallmark diagnostic feature of this infection is the visualization of numerous spirochetes during standard blood smear examination. Although the course of spirochetemia has not been fully characterized in dogs, in humans infected with TBRF the episodes of spirochetemia and fever are intermittent.ObjectivesTo describe TBRF in dogs by providing additional case reports and reviewing the disease in veterinary and human medicine.AnimalsFive cases of privately-owned dogs naturally infected with TBRF in Texas are reviewed.MethodsCase series and literature review.ResultsAll dogs were examined because of lethargy, inappetence, and pyrexia. Two dogs also had signs of neurologic disease. All dogs had thrombocytopenia and spirochetemia. All cases were administered tetracyclines orally. Platelet numbers improved and spirochetemia and pyrexia resolved in 4 out of 5 dogs, where follow-up information was available.Conclusion and clinical importanceTBRF is likely underdiagnosed in veterinary medicine. In areas endemic to Ornithodoros spp. ticks, TBRF should be considered in dogs with thrombocytopenia. Examination of standard blood smears can provide a rapid and specific diagnosis of TBRF when spirochetes are observed.
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Project description:Isolates of Borrelia turicatae, Borrelia parkeri, and the Florida canine borrelia (FCB) were examined to further phylogenetically characterize the identities of these spirochetes in the United States. DNA sequences of four chromosomal loci (the 16S rRNA gene, flaB, gyrB, and glpQ) were determined for eight isolates of B. turicatae and six isolates of B. parkeri, which grouped the spirochetes into two distinct but closely related taxa (>98% sequence identity) separate from Borrelia hermsii. The FCB was clearly separated with the group identified as B. turicatae, confirming this bacterium as a relapsing fever spirochete. Therefore, the potential for tick-borne relapsing fever in humans and other animals exists in Florida and future efforts are needed to determine the enzootic hosts and distribution of this spirochete in the southeastern United States. Analysis of plasmids demonstrated both linear and circular forms in B. turicatae but only linear plasmids in B. parkeri, which should be of interest to investigators concerned with plasmid diversity and evolution within this group of spirochetes.
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