Project description:In Asia, oral cancer (OC) and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) constitute major health problems linked to use of betel quid. This work performed CGH genome-wide analysis of OC (12 from India, 12 from Sri Lanka) and OSF (6 from India) cases with normal controls.
Project description:We report an outbreak of typhoid fever between April and June 2019 in the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in India cohort, a pediatric cohort from four contiguous semi-urban settlements of Vellore in South India. This cohort of children 6 months to 15 years of age was under surveillance from October 2017 to December 2019. A clustering of typhoid cases in the cohort was noted with reference to time, place, and person. The overall typhoid attack rate in the cohort was 0.9%, with the highest attack rate of 1.7% being documented in one of the four areas. The rate of hospitalization and complications in children who were typhoid positive during the outbreak was 28% and 2%, respectively. Given the background of suboptimal water, sanitation, and hygiene, and the risk of typhoid fever outbreaks in these settings, it is imperative that a typhoid vaccine be considered for introduction as a pragmatic preventive approach.
Project description:We genotyped 45 new samples from 4 populations of Northwest India and combined it with previously published data to characterize the population structure of modern Northwest Indian populations in the context of their geographic neighbors across South Asia and West Eurasia.
Project description:BACKGROUND Enteric glia contribute to the pathophysiology of various intestinal immune-driven diseases, such as postoperative ileus (POI), a motility disorder and common complication after abdominal surgery. Enteric gliosis of the intestinal muscularis externa (ME) has been identified as part of POI development. However, the glia-restricted responses and activation mechanisms are poorly understood. The sympathetic nervous system becomes rapidly activated by abdominal surgery. It modulates intestinal immunity, innervates all intestinal layers, and directly interfaces with enteric glia. We hypothesized that sympathetic innervation controls enteric glia reactivity in response to surgical trauma. METHODS Sox10iCreERT2/Rpl22HA/+ mice were subjected to a mouse model of laparotomy or intestinal manipulation to induce POI. Histological, protein, and transcriptomic analyses were performed to analyze glia-specific responses. Interactions between the sympathetic nervous system and enteric glia were studied in mice chemically depleted of TH+ sympathetic neurons and glial-restricted Sox10iCreERT2/JellyOPfl/+/Rpl22HA/+ mice, allowing optogenetic stimulation of β-adrenergic downstream signaling and glial-specific transcriptome analyses. A laparotomy model was used to study the effect of sympathetic signaling on enteric glia in the absence of intestinal manipulation. Mechanistic studies included adrenergic receptor expression profiling in vivo and in vitro and adrenergic agonism treatments of primary enteric glial cell cultures to elucidate the role of sympathetic signaling in acute enteric gliosis and POI. RESULTS With ~4000 differentially expressed genes, the most substantial enteric glia response occurs early after intestinal manipulation. During POI, enteric glia switch into a reactive state and continuously shape their microenvironment by releasing inflammatory and migratory factors. Sympathetic denervation reduced the inflammatory response of enteric glia in the early postoperative phase. Optogenetic and pharmacological stimulation of β-adrenergic downstream signaling triggered enteric glia reactivity. Finally, distinct adrenergic agonists revealed β-1/2 adrenoceptors as the molecular targets of sympathetic–driven enteric glial reactivity. CONCLUSIONS Enteric glia act as early responders during post-traumatic intestinal injury and inflammation. Intact sympathetic innervation and active β-adrenergic receptor signaling in enteric glia is a trigger of the immediate glial postoperative inflammatory response. With immune-activating cues originating from the sympathetic nervous system as early as the initial surgical incision, adrenergic signaling in enteric glia presents a promising target for preventing POI development.
Project description:This study was undertaken to define the molecular subtypes of cells within enteric neurospheres. Methods: We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on 3-dimensional neurosphere cultures derived from the small intestines of Plp1::GFP mice. These data show profiling results from the PLP1::GFP negative cell fraction ancillary to the positive fraction in series GSE184981. Results: We identify populations of enteric neurons and fibroblasts in the PLP1::GFP negative cell fraction of enteric neurospheres.
Project description:In this study, whole blood samples were used to determine the gene expression of febrile culture confirmed enteric fever cases (ST = S. Typhi; SPT = S. Paratyphi), febrile culture negative individuals presenting to hospital in Kathamandu (sEF = suspected enteric fever), and healthy community controls (CTRL).
Project description:This is a study to identify clinically relevant molecular signatures of gene expression in cervical cancer samples fro m patients in India Keywords: Cancer versus normal study