Surveillance of Enteric Fever in India (SEFI)
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJEB36270 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:The clinical and microbiological characteristics of enteric fever in Cambodia, 2008-2015
| PRJEB19906 | ENA
Project description:Surveillance of enteric fever in India - S. Paratyphi A
| PRJEB44794 | ENA
Project description:BackgroundAcute febrile illness in children is frequently treated with antibiotics. However, the inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens.MethodsWe measured use of antibiotics for fever in 4 pediatric cohorts that were part of the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in India (SEFI) network. In this network, 24 062 children were followed up weekly, capturing information on fever and other morbidity between October 2017 and December 2019.ResultsAn antibiotic was given in 27 183 of the 76 027 (35.8%) episodes of fever. The incidence of fever-related antibiotic use was 58.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 57.2-58.6) per 100 child-years. The median time to initiation of antibiotics was 4 days, and in 65% of those who received an antibiotic it was initiated by the second day. Antibiotics were continued for <3 days in 24% of the episodes. Higher temperature, younger age, male sex, joint family, higher education, internet access, and availability of personal conveyance were associated with antibiotic treatment for fever.ConclusionsIn developing countries where antibiotic use is not regulated, broad-spectrum antibiotics are initiated early, and often inappropriately, in febrile illness. Frequent and inappropriate use of antibiotics may increase risk of antimicrobial resistance.
| S-EPMC8892537 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In Asia, oral cancer (OC) and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) constitute major health problems linked to use of betel quid. This work performed CGH genome-wide analysis of OC (12 from India, 12 from Sri Lanka) and OSF (6 from India) cases with normal controls.
2011-11-30 | E-MTAB-819 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:ABSTRACT. We report an outbreak of typhoid fever between April and June 2019 in the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in India cohort, a pediatric cohort from four contiguous semi-urban settlements of Vellore in South India. This cohort of children 6 months to 15 years of age was under surveillance from October 2017 to December 2019. A clustering of typhoid cases in the cohort was noted with reference to time, place, and person. The overall typhoid attack rate in the cohort was 0.9%, with the highest attack rate of 1.7% being documented in one of the four areas. The rate of hospitalization and complications in children who were typhoid positive during the outbreak was 28% and 2%, respectively. Given the background of suboptimal water, sanitation, and hygiene, and the risk of typhoid fever outbreaks in these settings, it is imperative that a typhoid vaccine be considered for introduction as a pragmatic preventive approach.
| S-EPMC9294687 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundBlood culture-based surveillance for typhoid fever has limited sensitivity, and operational challenges are encountered in resource-limited settings. Environmental surveillance targeting Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) shed in wastewater (WW), coupled with cross-sectional serosurveys of S. Typhi-specific antibodies estimating exposure to infection, emerges as a promising alternative.MethodsWe assessed the feasibility and effectiveness of wastewater (WW) and sero-surveillance for S. Typhi in Vellore, India, from May 2022 to April 2023. Monthly samples were collected from 40 sites in open drainage channels and processed using standardized protocols. DNA was extracted and analyzed via quantitative PCR for S. Typhi genes (ttr, tviB, staG) and the fecal biomarker HF183. Clinical cases of enteric fever were recorded from four major hospitals, and a cross-sectional serosurvey measured hemolysin E (HlyE) IgG levels in children under 15 years of age to estimate seroincidence.Results7.50% (39/520) of grab and 15.28% (79/517) Moore swabs were positive for all 3 S. Typhi genes. Moore swab positivity was significantly associated with HF183 (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 3.08, 95% CI: 1.59-5.95) and upstream catchment population (aOR: 4.67, 1.97-11.04), and there was increased detection during monsoon season - membrane filtration (aOR: 2.99, 1.06-8.49), and Moore swab samples (aOR: 1.29, 0.60-2.79). Only 11 blood culture-confirmed typhoid cases were documented over the study period. Estimated seroincidence was 10.4/100 person-years (py) (95% CI: 9.61 - 11.5/100 py). The number of S. Typhi positive samples at a site was associated with the estimated sero-incidence in the site catchment population (incidence rate ratios: 1.14 (1.07-1.23) and 1.10 (1.02-1.20) for grab and Moore swabs respectively.ConclusionsThese findings underscore the utility and effectiveness of alternate surveillance approaches to estimating the incidence of S. Typhi infection in resource-limited settings, offering valuable insights for public health interventions and disease monitoring strategies where conventional methods are challenging to implement.
| S-EPMC11896026 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Diagnostic host gene signature for distinguishing enteric fever from other febrile diseases
| PRJNA454300 | ENA
Project description:We genotyped 45 new samples from 4 populations of Northwest India and combined it with previously published data to characterize the population structure of modern Northwest Indian populations in the context of their geographic neighbors across South Asia and West Eurasia.
2018-12-05 | GSE119653 | GEO
Project description:BackgroundLack of reliable data in India drove the "Surveillance of Enteric Fever in India" (SEFI) concept. Hybrid surveillance, combining facility-based surveillance for the crude incidence, and a community-based healthcare utilization survey (HCUS) to calculate the factor needed to arrive at the adjusted incidence, was used in 6 sites. The HCUS aimed to determine the percentage of utilization of study facilities by the catchment population for hospitalizations due to febrile illness.MethodsPopulation proportional to size sampling and systematic random sampling, in 2 stages, were used to survey 5000 households per site. Healthcare utilization was assessed.ResultsFebrile illness accounted for 20% of admissions among 137 990 individuals from 30 308 households. Only 9.6%-38.3% of those admitted with febrile illness sought care in the study hospitals. The rate of rural utilization of the private sector for hospitalization was 67.6%. The rate of hospitalization for febrile illness, per 1000 population, ranged from 2.6 in Manali to 9.6 in Anantapur; for 25.8% of the deaths associated with febrile illness, no facility was used before death.ConclusionsOne in 5 hospitalizations were associated with fever. Rural utilization of the private sector for hospitalization due to febrile illness was more than that of the public sector. Healthcare utilization patterns for hospital admissions due to febrile illness varied across sites. A meticulously performed HCUS is pivotal for accurate incidence estimation in a hybrid surveillance.Clinical trials registrationISRCTN72938224.
| S-EPMC8914874 | biostudies-literature