Northern elephant seal gut microbiome
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJEB36555 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERR3863250_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR3863250_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR3863260_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR3863260_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR3863270_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Northern elephant seals (NES, Mirounga angustirostris) undergo an annual molt during which they spend ~40 days fasting on land with reduced activity and lose approximately one-quarter of their body mass. Reduced activity and muscle load in stereotypic terrestrial mammalian models results in decreased muscle mass and capacity for force production and aerobic metabolism. However, the majority of lost mass in fasting female NES is from fat while muscle mass is largely preserved. Although muscle mass is preserved, potential changes to the metabolic and contractile capacity are unknown. To assess potential changes in NES skeletal muscle during molt, we collected muscle biopsies from 6 adult female NES at the beginning of the molt and after ~30 days at the end of the molt. Skeletal muscle was assessed for respiratory capacity using high resolution respirometry, and RNA was extracted to assess changes in gene expression. Despite a month of reduced activity, fasting, and weight loss, skeletal muscle respiratory capacity was preserved with no change in OXPHOS respiratory capacity. Molt was associated with 162 upregulated genes including genes favoring lipid metabolism and regulating cell cycles. We identified 172 downregulated genes including those coding for ribosomal proteins and genes associated with skeletal muscle force transduction and glucose metabolism. Following ~30 days of molt, NES skeletal muscle metabolic capacity appears largely preserved although mechanotransduction may be compromised. In the absence of exercise stimulus, fasting-induced shifts in skeletal muscle lipid metabolism may stimulate lipid signaling pathways associated with preserving the mass and metabolic capacity of slow oxidative muscle.
2020-09-15 | GSE151509 | GEO
Project description:Proteins were extracted from the outer (closer to skin) blubber layer of 4 northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) using either 1) A standard detergent lysis buffer containing 1% sodium deoxycholate, 8 M urea, 5 mM DTT in 50 mM ammonium bicarbonate (SDC method) or 2) the phenol and guanidine thiocyanate reagent Qiazol (QIA method). Mass spectrometry analysis was performed using an Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid mass spectrometer in DDA mode. Briefly, full MS1 scans were resolved by the orbitrap, and ions were selected for MS2 using DDA. These precursor ions were quadrupole filtered and subsequently fragmented using stepped collision HCD. MS2 product ions were resolved by the orbitrap. MS/MS data was analyzed using Proteome Discoverer v2.2.
2018-06-12 | MSV000082455 | MassIVE
Project description:Mirounga angustirostris strain:northern elephant seal Transcriptome or Gene expression
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Project description:We perform whole-genome sequencing of 258 modern northern elephant seals to assess the impact of a severe population bottleneck on individual and to better understand their recovery.
2024-03-01 | PRJEB73350 | EVA
Project description:Northern elephant seal skeletal muscle, blubber, and plasma were collected from 5 adult females early and late in a 5-week molting fast (mean 33 days apart; see Sample Key in supplementary files). Proteins were isolated from muscle using the Trizol method and blubber using Qiazol with the Qiagen RNeasy Lipid Mini kit (see Khudyakov et al., 2018, doi: 10.1242/bio.036731). Plasma samples were used raw (without depletion of highly abundant proteins). Muscle, blubber, and plasma proteins were denatured using 1% sodium deoxycholate, 8 M urea, and 5 mM DTT in 50 mM ammonium bicarbonate and digested in-solution using trypsin (1:50 trypsin to protein ratio).
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Project description:Plasma proteome response to repeated ACTH administration in juvenile northern elephant seals. Five ul of EDTA plasma were denatured with 200 ul of 5 percent w/v SDC and 5 mM TCEP in 50 mM AmBiC at 60C for 1 hour, followed by alkylation with 20 mM CAA for 30 minutes in the dark at room temp. Samples were diluted to 0.5 percent SDC and proteins were digested using trypsin at a 1 to 50 ug enzyme to protein ratio for 16 hours at 37C. TFA was added to a final concentration of 1.0 percent to precipitate SDC, which was removed by centrifugation and extraction of the supernatant. Digested peptides were lyophilized, resuspended in 0.1 percent TFA, and desalted using Pierce Peptide Desalting Spin Columns. Eluted peptides were lyophilized and resuspended in 0.1 percent FA in LC-MS grade water.
Three injections were used for each sample. For each run, 5 uL of the sample (1 ug total) was loop injected onto a reversed-phase trap column (Acclaim PepMap 100 C18 LC column; 75 um i.d. x 2 cm, 3 um particle size, 100 A pore size, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) by a Dionex Ultimate 3000 autosampler. Peptides were eluted onto a reversed-phase analytical column set at 35C for HPLC (EASY-SprayTM C18 LC column; 75 um i.d. x 15 cm, 100 A, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). Solvent A was water and B was acetonitrile (ACN), respectively (both with 0.1 percent formic acid). During each chromatographic run, which lasted 140 min, flow rates were held at 300 nl/min. Solvent B (ACN) was used as follows: 2 percent at 5 min, 2-22 percent at 75 min, 22-38 percent at 100 min, 38-95 percent at 105 min, 95 percent returning to 2 percent at 115 min, and lastly maintained at 2 percent at 140 min.
Mass spectrometry analysis was performed using Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid mass spectrometer equipped with an EASY-SprayTM ion source and operated by Xcalibur 4.0 software. MS1 spectra were resolved by the orbitrap with a resolution of 120,000, scan range of 200-1400 m/z, RF lens of 60 percent, AGC target of 1.0e6, and max injection time of 50 ms. Precursor ions were isolated by quadrupole and fragmented using HCD with a collision energy of 28 percent. MS2 product ions were resolved by the orbitrap (resolution: 30,000, AGC target: 5.0e5, first mass: 100 m/z, and max injection time: 150 ms).
2024-08-02 | MSV000095508 | MassIVE
Project description:Changes in Northern Elephant Seal Skeletal Muscle Following Thirty Days of Fasting and Reduced Activity
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Project description:The identity of most functional elements in the mammalian genome and the phenotypes they impact are unclear. Here, we perform a genome-wide comparative analysis of patterns of accelerated evolution in species with highly distinctive traits to discover candidate functional elements for clinically important phenotypes. We identify accelerated regions (ARs) in the elephant, hibernating bat, orca, dolphin, naked mole rat and thirteen-lined ground squirrel lineages in mammalian conserved regions, uncovering ~33,000 elements that bind hundreds of different regulatory proteins in humans and mice. ARs in the elephant, the largest land mammal, are uniquely enriched at elephant DNA damage response genes and changed conserved regulatory sites. The genomic hotspot for elephant ARs is the E3 ligase subunit of the Fanconi Anemia Complex, a master regulator of DNA repair. Additionally, ARs in the six species are associated with specific human clinical phenotypes that have apparent concordance with overt traits in each species.
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Project description:The northern elephant seal, Mirounga angustirostris, was heavily hunted and declared extinct in the 19th century. However, a colony remained on remote Guadalupe Island, Mexico and the species has since repopulated most of its historical distribution. Here, we present a comprehensive evaluation of genetic variation in the species. First, we assess the effect of the demographic bottleneck on microsatellite variability and compare it with that found in other pinnipeds, demonstrating levels of variation similar to that in species that continue to be threatened with extinction. Next, we use sequence data from these markers to demonstrate that some of the limited polymorphism predates the bottleneck. However, most contemporary variation appears to have arisen recently and persisted due to exponential growth. We also describe how we use the range in allele size of microsatellites to estimate ancestral effective population size before the bottleneck, demonstrating a large reduction in effective size. We then employ a classical method for bacteria to estimate the microsatellite mutation rate in the species, deriving an estimate that is extremely similar to that estimated for a similar set of loci in humans, indicating consistency of microsatellite mutation rates in mammals. Finally, we find slight significant structure between some geographically separated colonies, although its biological significance is unclear. This work demonstrates that genetic analysis can be useful for evaluating the population biology of the northern elephant seal, in spite of the bottleneck that removed most genetic variation from the species.
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