Project description:Plants regenerated from tissue culture frequently show somaclonal variation. In this study we compared the transcriptomic and epigenetic state of embryogenic callus of grapevine with leaves from mature grapevine plants. In particular, we focussed on the expression of transposable elements and changes in siRNA abundance and genome-wide methylation in these tissues.
Project description:By characterizing the cell wall proteomes of different sugarcane organs (leaves and stems) at two developmental stages (young vs mature/apical vs basal), it was possible to address unique characteristics in each of them. Four-month-old leaves showed a higher proportion of oxido-reductases and proteins related to lipid metabolism (LM), besides a lower proportion of proteins acting on polysaccharides, in comparison to four-month-old internodes. It was possible to note that sugarcane leaves and young stems have the highest LM rate than all species, which was assumed to be linked to cuticle formation. The data generated enriched the number of cell wall proteins (CWPs) identified in sugarcane, reaching 277. To our knowledge, sugarcane has now the second higher coverage of monocot CWP in plants
Project description:Plants regenerated from tissue culture frequently show somaclonal variation. In this study we compared the transcriptomic and epigenetic state of embryogenic callus of grapevine with leaves from mature grapevine plants. In particular, we focussed on the expression of transposable elements and changes in siRNA abundance and genome-wide methylation in these tissues.
Project description:Ontogenic scab resistance in apple leaves and fruits is a horizontal resistance against the plant pathogen VenturiaM- inaequalis and is expressed as decrease of disease symptoms and incidence with the ageing of the leaves. Several studies at biochemical level tried to unveil the nature of this resistance, however without any conclusive results. We decided therefore to investigate the genetic origin of this phenomenon by performing a full quantitative trascriptome sequencing and comparison of young (susceptible) and old (ontogenic resistant) leaves, infected or not with the pathogen. Two time points at 72 and 96 hours post inoculation were chosen for RNA sampling and sequencing. Comparison between the different conditions (young and old leaves, inoculated or not) should allow finding genes differentially expressed which may represent different induced plant defense reaction leading to ontogenic resistance or be the cause for a constitutive (not inoculated with the pathogen) shift toward resistance in old leaves. Differentially expressed genes were then characterized for their function by homology to A.M- thaliana and other plantsM-^R genes, particularly looking for genes involved in pathways already suspected of appertaining to ontogenic resistance in apple or other hosts, or to plant defense mechanisms in general.
Project description:Since development is an important regulator in hormonal responses we wanted to investigate to what extent responses to the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) are controlled by old and young leaves within a single plant. Our RNAseq analysis indicate that ABA treatment triggers as set of common and leaf age specific responses in both old and young leaves.
Project description:Alkali stress is an important limiting factor for agricultural production. The aim of this study was to investigate whether old and young leaves have different biochemical responses to alkali stress in hexaploid wheat, and to provide molecular dissection of these differential responses on the basis of proteomic profiling. Under alkali stress, hexaploid wheat accumulated higher concentrations of Na+ in older leaves to protect young leaves. Young leaves accumulated amino acids, carbohydrates, and dehydrin proteins to relieve Na+ toxicity. Under alkali stress, 14-3-3 protein abundance was enhanced in old leaves to accelerate Na+ compartmentation in the vacuole. Abundances of 27 ribosomal proteins were significantly decreased in old leaves but not in young leaves, and many proteinases and ribonucleases also were significantly upregulated by alkali stress in old leaves. Interestingly, one E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, one ubiquitin protein, and one proteasome protein were simultaneously upregulated in old leaves but not in young leaves. We propose that during the response to alkali stress, old leaves may programmatically degrade ribosomes through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway to generate amino acids, which will increase tissue tolerance. Alkali stress induced remarkable enhancement of almost all free amino acids and ribose contents in old leaves, thus supporting this hypothesis. In addition, we observed that, for some salinity-tolerant protein-triads, the A, B, and D homoeologous proteins showed different response to alkali stress. This suggests that alkali stress may influence the translation of homoeologous genes, resulting in imbalanced translation of A, B, and D homoeologous genes in some gene triads.
Project description:We compared organ specific chloroplast gene expression in cucumber between fully developed leaves (12th counting from the bottom of plant) and growing tips, female flowers, young leaves, young fruits (3-5 cm long). We have also characterized chloroplast gene transcription in cucumber etiolated seedlings in comparison to mature cucumber leaves.