Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

Dataset Information

Ontogenic Resistance in Apple

ABSTRACT: Ontogenic scab resistance in apple leaves and fruits is a horizontal resistance against the plant pathogen VenturiaM- inaequalis and is expressed as decrease of disease symptoms and incidence with the ageing of the leaves. Several studies at biochemical level tried to unveil the nature of this resistance, however without any conclusive results. We decided therefore to investigate the genetic origin of this phenomenon by performing a full quantitative trascriptome sequencing and comparison of young (susceptible) and old (ontogenic resistant) leaves, infected or not with the pathogen. Two time points at 72 and 96 hours post inoculation were chosen for RNA sampling and sequencing. Comparison between the different conditions (young and old leaves, inoculated or not) should allow finding genes differentially expressed which may represent different induced plant defense reaction leading to ontogenic resistance or be the cause for a constitutive (not inoculated with the pathogen) shift toward resistance in old leaves. Differentially expressed genes were then characterized for their function by homology to A.M- thaliana and other plantsM-^R genes, particularly looking for genes involved in pathways already suspected of appertaining to ontogenic resistance in apple or other hosts, or to plant defense mechanisms in general.

INSTRUMENT(S): Illumina HiSeq 2000

ORGANISM(S): Malus domestica

SUBMITTER: Cesare Gessler

PROVIDER: E-MTAB-1726 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Publications

RNA-Seq analysis reveals candidate genes for ontogenic resistance in Malus-Venturia pathosystem.

Gusberti Michele M Gessler Cesare C Broggini Giovanni A L GA

PloS one 20131104 11

Ontogenic scab resistance in apple leaves and fruits is a horizontal resistance against the plant pathogen Venturia inaequalis and is expressed as a decrease in disease symptoms and incidence with the ageing of the leaves. Several studies at the biochemical level tried to unveil the nature of this resistance; however, no conclusive results were reported. We decided therefore to investigate the genetic origin of this phenomenon by performing a full quantitative transcriptome sequencing and compar ...[more]

PMID: 24223809

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Project description:Phytophthora blight is a highly destructive soil borne disease caused by Phytophthora capsici Leonian, which seriously threatens global pepper production. Grafting is one of the important means to improve plant disease resistance and prevent soil borne diseases in vegetable production. However, the molecular mechanism by which grafting enhances the resistance of pepper to Phytophthora blight is still unclear. This study used Phytophthora capsici resistant strain ‘ZCM334’ and susceptible strain ‘Early Calwonder’ as rootstocks, and ‘Early Calwonder’ as scions for grafting. Phenotypic observation and cytological analysis showed that compared with the ‘Early Calwonder’ self rooted plants, the ‘ZCM334’ grafted plants had a later onset of disease, stronger resistance, and less damage to leaf cells, indicating that grafting can significantly improve the resistance of pepper to Phytophthora capsici. This study identified differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the leaves and roots of ‘ZCM334’ grafted plants and ‘Early Calwonder’ self rooted plants through proteomic analysis based on iTRAQ technology, and 478 and 349 DEPs were identified between their leaves and roots, respectively. These DEPs were mainly involved in metabolic process, cellular process, response to stimulus and catalytic activity processes. We identified and screened 12 DEPs with consistent expression trends in the leaves and roots of ‘ZCM334’ grafted plants and ‘Early Calwonder’ self rooted plants, including seven DEPs related to Phytophthora capsici resistance (CA01g31060, CA02g15780, CA02g30850, CA01g11410, CA05g12260, CA03g35150, and CA03g36980) and five proteins with unknown functions (CA01g26190, CA11g10620, CA12g02730, CA01g20890 and CA02g11340). Through qRT-PCR analysis, a significant correlation was observed between the protein and transcript levels of these 12 DEPs, and their expression characteristics were analyzed in the roots and leaves of ‘ZCM334’ grafted plants and ‘Early Calwonder’ self rooted plants at different stages (0h, 12h, 24h, and 36h) after inoculation with Phytophthora capsici. This study provides valuable information for exploring the molecular mechanisms by which grafting enhances the resistance of pepper to Phytophthora blight and the excavation of these key genes provides research ideas for studying the regulatory network of pepper resistance to Phytophthora capsici.

Project description:Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) disease resistance (R) proteins recognize specific “avirulent” pathogen effectors and activate immune responses. NB-LRR proteins structurally and functionally resemble mammalian Nod-like receptors (NLRs). How NB-LRR and NLR proteins activate defense is poorly understood. The divergently transcribed Arabidopsis R genes, RPS4 (resistance to Pseudomonas syringae 4) and RRS1 (resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum 1), function together to confer recognition of Pseudomonas AvrRps4 and Ralstonia PopP2. RRS1 is the only known recessive NB-LRR R gene and encodes a WRKY DNA binding domain, prompting suggestions that it acts downstream of RPS4 for transcriptional activation of defense genes. We define here the early RRS1-dependent transcriptional changes upon delivery of PopP2 via Pseudomonas type III secretion. The Arabidopsis slh1 (sensitive to low humidity 1) mutant encodes an RRS1 allele (RRS1SLH1) with a single amino acid (leucine) insertion in the WRKY DNA-binding domain. Its poor growth due to constitutive defense activation is rescued at higher temperature. Transcription profiling data indicate that RRS1SLH1-mediated defense activation overlaps substantially with AvrRps4- and PopP2-regulated responses. To better understand the genetic basis of RPS4/RRS1-dependent immunity, we performed a genetic screen to identify suppressor of slh1 immunity (sushi) mutants. We show that many sushi mutants carry mutations in RPS4, suggesting that RPS4 acts downstream or in a complex with RRS1. Interestingly, several mutations were identified in a domain C-terminal to the RPS4 LRR domain. Using an Agrobacterium-mediated transient assay system, we demonstrate that the P-loop motif of RPS4 but not of RRS1SLH1 is required for RRS1SLH1 function. We also recapitulate the dominant suppression of RRS1SLH1 defense activation by wild type RRS1 and show this suppression requires an intact RRS1 P-loop. These analyses of RRS1SLH1 shed new light on mechanisms by which NB-LRR protein pairs activate defense signaling, or are held inactive in the absence of a pathogen effector. Five weeks old Arabidopsis (Ws-2 and rrs1-1) leaves were infiltrated with Pf0-1 carrying PopP2 or PopP2C321A in pEDV6 and samples were collected at 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours post infiltration (hpi); mRNA profiles were generated in triplet, by deep sequencing on Illumina GAIIx using EXPRSS tag-seq protocol.

Dataset Information

Ontogenic Resistance in Apple

Publications

RNA-Seq analysis reveals candidate genes for ontogenic resistance in Malus-Venturia pathosystem.

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