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Candidate Genes for Squamate Color-Pattern

ABSTRACT: We know very little about the genetic basis for color and color-pattern in squamate reptiles - a group with over 10,000 species of snakes and lizards. Using transcriptomic comparisons between orange, yellow and white tissues from an anole lizard, we identified 6 color and 7 color-pattern candidate genes in squamates that are conserved across other vertebrates like mammals, birds or fish. Among color genes, we identified the first candidate gene for converting yellow xanthophylls to red ketocarotenoids in squamates, and a sex-linked protein that transports carotenoids from the bloodstream into the pigment cells. A new model for the genetics of coloration in squamates informed by our data suggests that the genes and associated pathways underlying both color and color-pattern are broadly conserved across vertebrates.

PROVIDER: PRJEB41750 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	ERR4920890_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR4920890_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR4920881_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR4920881_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR4920891_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Project description:In the eastern United States the buckeye butterfly, Junonia coenia, shows a seasonal wing color polyphenism where adults emerging in the spring are pale brown, while those emerging in the autumn are dark red. This variation can be artificially induced in laboratory colonies, thus making J. coenia a useful model system to examine the developmental basis of phenotypic plasticity. We used RNA-seq to generate the first set of assembled transcripts for this species while simultaneously quantifying relative gene expression associated with development of alternative seasonal color morphs. The assembled consolidated wing transcriptome was 77.55 Mb. 16,251 contigs of over 1000bp in length were assembled, of which 3,145 were differentially expressed between stages and/or color morphs. Depending on the developmental stage, between 547 and 1420 transcripts were significantly differentially expressed between brown and red wing morphs. These extensive differences in gene expression stand in stark contrast to the much smaller numbers found in previous studies on genetic wing pattern variation, and suggest that environmentally induced phenotypic shifts may arise from very broad systemic processes. Overall gene ontology (GO) analyses revealed that genes associated with structural constituents of ribosomes and oxygen transport were significantly upregulated in the pale brown morph, while genes associated with peptidase activity were very significantly upregulated in the dark red morph. Focused analyses of candidate endocrine and pigmentation pathways revealed a number of notable genes upregulated in the red morph, including several ecdysone-related genes and cinnabar, an ommochrome pigment gene implicated in color pattern variation in other butterflies. Surprisingly, we found numerous melanin-related transcripts, including tan and yellow-family genes, strongly upregulated in the red morph, leading us to speculate that red pigmentation in autumn J. coenia may include red or brown melanins in addition to ommochromes. While we identified several endocrine and pigmentation genes as obvious candidates for color morph differentiation, we speculate that the majority of gene expression differences we observed were due to thermal stress response. The buckeye transcriptome provides a basis for further developmental studies of phenotypic plasticity.

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Candidate Genes for Squamate Color-Pattern

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