Project description:In this study we linked the biological end point of genomic DNA damage from our quantitative, comparative disinfection by-product (DBP) database, with toxicogenomic analysis using a Super Array RT2 Profiler™ PCR Array containing primers for 84 genes related to human DNA damage and repair and 84 genes whose expression level is indicative of stress and toxicity.
Project description:We report the transcriptomic changes in Salmonella Typhimurium exposed to sub-lethal sonophotocatalytic disinfection. The current data suggests that more than 120 genes are significantly expressed during the process. The genes associated with the flagellar assembly were found to be significantly up-regulated during the disinfection, which may have impacts on the phenotypic attributes of the bacteria.
Project description:Although drinking water disinfection has proved to be an effective strategy to eliminate most waterborne pathogens, bacterial pathogens can still show disinfection tolerance in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs), posing a great threat to drinking water safety and human health. Despite stress signals such as starvation and low temperature were reported to increase disinfection tolerance of E. coli, it is unclear whether the stress-induced disinfection tolerance was conserved in different bacterial species.
Project description:The monohaloacetic acids (monoHAAs) are generated as byproducts during the disinfection of drinking water and are cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, and teratogenic. Iodoacetic acid (IAA) toxicity was mitigated by antioxidants, suggesting the involvement of oxidative stress. Other monoHAAs may share a similar mode of action. Human oxidative stress and antioxidant defense gene arrays (SA biosciences) were used to evaluate changes in transcriptome profiles in the human intestinal epithelial cell line FHS 74 INT generated by three compounds, chloroacetic acid (CAA), bromoacetic acid (BAA) and IAA at two time points (30 min and 4 h).
Project description:Purpose: Characterize the renal transcriptome of a chronic kidney disease model in the presence and absence of alkali therapy (bicarbonate supplementation in water) Methods: Crystal nephropathy mice were fed a calcium-free, 0.67% oxalate diet for 10 days. Control mice were fed a calcium-free diet for the same period. Afterwards, mice were fed a standard diet containing calcium for 28 days (recovery). Therapeutically treated mice ("late") received 0.2M NaHCO3 in water during the whole recovery period. An untreated group drank tap water instead. Total RNA was extracted from whole kidney samples and used for RNAseq. Results: Using a PolyA, Truseq strategy with p-value <0.05 and log2(fold change) ≥ 0.5 or ≤ - 0.5, we identified that crystallopathy altered the expression levels of 4923 transcripts. Alkali therapy normalized or attenuated the dysregulation of 795 of those genes. Alkali therapy also altered the expression of 179 transcripts in control kidneys. Conclusions: Pathway analysis identified that alkali therapy mostly restored pathways associated to inflammation and cell metabolism.
Project description:The monohaloacetic acids (monoHAAs) are generated as byproducts during the disinfection of drinking water and are cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, and teratogenic. Iodoacetic acid (IAA) toxicity was mitigated by antioxidants, suggesting the involvement of oxidative stress. Other monoHAAs may share a similar mode of action. Human oxidative stress and antioxidant defense gene arrays (SA biosciences) were used to evaluate changes in transcriptome profiles in the human intestinal epithelial cell line FHS 74 INT generated by three compounds, chloroacetic acid (CAA), bromoacetic acid (BAA) and IAA at two time points (30 min and 4 h). Twelve samples were evaluated. Each treated sample was paired with a concurrent negative control (cells treated in medium only). Three technical repeats were included for each sample and Ct values were calculated from the average of the three repeats. Samples 1,2,and 3 were isolated from 30 min negative controls for CAA, BAA, and IAA respectively. Samples 4, 5, and 6 were isolated from cells treated for 30 min with CAA, BAA, and IAA respectivley. Samples 7, 8, and 9 were isolated from 4h negative controls for CAA, BAA, and IAA respectively. Samples 10, 11, and 12 were isolated from cells treated for 4 h with CAA, BAA and IAA respectively. Ct values were normalized against the average of the 5 housekeeping genes included in the array to generate M-NM-^TCt values. Fold changes for each gene were calculated as a ratio of 2^-M-NM-^TCttest / 2^-M-NM-^TCtcontrol.
Project description:The use of aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF) at fire-training areas (FTAs) has introduced into ground- and surface waters a complex mixture of per- and poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS). The toxicity of environmental PFAS mixtures to wildlife is not well understood and presents a knowledge gap that limits accurate risk assessment. To evaluate reproductive biomarker responses to complex environmental PFAS mixtures, we conducted a series of on-site experiments using flow-through mobile laboratories exposing fish to groundwater impacted by a legacy FTA and an adjacent reference site A 60K fathead minnow microarray was used to quantify gene expression patterns in the testis and liver of fish exposed to water from Fire Training Area 1 and 2 relative to a reference site.
Project description:The use of aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF) at fire-training areas (FTAs) has introduced into ground- and surface waters a complex mixture of per- and poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS). The toxicity of environmental PFAS mixtures to wildlife is not well understood and presents a knowledge gap that limits accurate risk assessment. To evaluate reproductive biomarker responses to complex environmental PFAS mixtures, we conducted a series of on-site experiments using flow-through mobile laboratories exposing fish to groundwater impacted by a legacy FTA and an adjacent reference site A 60K fathead minnow microarray was used to quantify gene expression patterns in the testis and liver of fish exposed to water from Fire Training Area 1 and 2 relative to a reference site.
