Azithromycin resistance
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJEB63683 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Azithromycin resistance BAL
| PRJEB61857 | ENA
Project description:Azithromycin resistance STOOL
| PRJEB61860 | ENA
Project description:Impact of mass drug administration with azithromycin for trachoma elimination on prevalence and azithromycin resistance of genital Mycoplasma genitalium infection
| PRJEB26624 | ENA
Project description:BACKGROUND:Mass distribution of azithromycin to preschool children twice yearly for 2 years has been shown to reduce childhood mortality in sub-Saharan Africa but at the cost of amplifying macrolide resistance. The effects on the gut resistome, a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes in the body, of twice-yearly administration of azithromycin for a longer period are unclear. METHODS:We investigated the gut resistome of children after they received twice-yearly distributions of azithromycin for 4 years. In the Niger site of the MORDOR trial, we enrolled 30 villages in a concurrent trial in which they were randomly assigned to receive mass distribution of either azithromycin or placebo, offered to all children 1 to 59 months of age every 6 months for 4 years. Rectal swabs were collected at baseline, 36 months, and 48 months for analysis of the participants' gut resistome. The primary outcome was the ratio of macrolide-resistance determinants in the azithromycin group to those in the placebo group at 48 months. RESULTS:Over the entire 48-month period, the mean (±SD) coverage was 86.6±12% in the villages that received placebo and 83.2±16.4% in the villages that received azithromycin. A total of 3232 samples were collected during the entire trial period; of the samples obtained at the 48-month monitoring visit, 546 samples from 15 villages that received placebo and 504 from 14 villages that received azithromycin were analyzed. Determinants of macrolide resistance were higher in the azithromycin group than in the placebo group: 7.4 times as high (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.0 to 16.7) at 36 months and 7.5 times as high (95% CI, 3.8 to 23.1) at 48 months. Continued mass azithromycin distributions also selected for determinants of nonmacrolide resistance, including resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, an antibiotic class prescribed frequently in this region of Africa. CONCLUSIONS:Among villages assigned to receive mass distributions of azithromycin or placebo twice yearly for 4 years, antibiotic resistance was more common in the villages that received azithromycin than in those that received placebo. This trial showed that mass azithromycin distributions may propagate antibiotic resistance. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02047981.).
| S-EPMC7492079 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Infection by Shigella spp. is a common cause of dysentery in Southeast Asia. Antimicrobials are thought to be beneficial for treatment; however, antimicrobial resistance in Shigella spp. is becoming widespread. We aimed to assess the frequency and mechanisms associated with decreased susceptibility to azithromycin in Southeast Asian Shigella isolates and use these data to assess appropriate susceptibility breakpoints. Shigella isolates recovered in Vietnam and Laos were screened for susceptibility to azithromycin (15 μg) by disc diffusion and MIC. Phenotypic resistance was confirmed by PCR amplification of macrolide resistance loci. We compared the genetic relationships and plasmid contents of azithromycin-resistant Shigella sonnei isolates using whole-genome sequences. From 475 available Shigella spp. isolated in Vietnam and Laos between 1994 and 2012, 6/181 S. flexneri isolates (3.3%, MIC ≥ 16 g/liter) and 16/294 S. sonnei isolates (5.4%, MIC ≥ 32 g/liter) were phenotypically resistant to azithromycin. PCR amplification confirmed a resistance mechanism in 22/475 (4.6%) isolates (mphA in 19 isolates and ermB in 3 isolates). The susceptibility data demonstrated the acceptability of the S. flexneri (MIC ≥ 16 g/liter, zone diameter ≤ 15 mm) and S. sonnei (MIC ≥ 32 g/liter, zone diameter ≤ 11 mm) breakpoints with a <3% discrepancy. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that decreased susceptibility has arisen sporadically in Vietnamese S. sonnei isolates on at least seven occasions between 2000 and 2009 but failed to become established. While the proposed susceptibility breakpoints may allow better recognition of resistant isolates, additional studies are required to assess the impact on the clinical outcome. The potential emergence of azithromycin resistance highlights the need for alternative options for management of Shigella infections in countries where Shigella is endemic.
| S-EPMC5913960 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Tracking the emergence of azithromycin resistance in multiple genotypes of typhoidal Salmonella
| PRJEB41411 | ENA
Project description:Legionnaires' disease, caused by Legionella pneumophila, has been treated primarily with antibiotics. However, few reports have been published on antibiotic-resistant Legionella in China. Our aim was to determine the azithromycin resistance mechanism of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 in China. The sensitivities of 149 L. pneumophila serogroup 1 strains, isolated from clinical cases or environmental water in China from 2002 to 2016, to five antibiotics, including erythromycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and rifampin, were evaluated. The mechanisms of the resistance of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 to azithromycin were studied. The expression levels of efflux pump gene lpeAB and the MIC of azithromycin-resistant strains in the presence and absence of the efflux pump inhibitor carbonyl cyanide-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) were determined. All 149 strains were sensitive to erythromycin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and rifampin, among which 25 of the strains exhibited azithromycin resistance. These 25 strains, including strains of sequence type 1 (ST1), ST144, ST150, ST154, and ST629, were screened. Expression of lpeAB was responsible for the reduced azithromycin susceptibility in all 25 of these strains. The phenotypes of 25 strains with virulence were linked by evaluating the intracellular growth ability in mouse macrophage J774 cells. Among the 25 strains, 60% were more virulent than the ATCC 33152 reference strain. The results determined in our study represent data supporting the further study of the antibiotic sensitivity of L. pneumophila strains in China.
| S-EPMC6761501 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Treponema pallidum resistance to azithromycin has been documented in the US, Canada, and Ireland. We found no evidence of resistance to azithromycin in specimens from 141 patients with syphilitic lesions in Madagascar suggesting resistance is geographically isolated and supporting use of azithromycin as alternative treatment for early syphilis in Madagascar.
| S-EPMC3673283 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Emergence and molecular basis of azithromycin resistance in typhoidal Salmonella in Dhaka, Bangladesh
| PRJEB33978 | ENA