Project description:<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Modern biological approaches generate volumes of multi-dimensional data, offering unprecedented opportunities to address biological questions previously beyond reach owing to small or subtle effects. A fundamental question in plant biology is the extent to which below-ground activity in the root system influences above-ground phenotypes expressed in the shoot system. Grafting, an ancient horticultural practice that fuses the root system of one individual (the rootstock) with the shoot system of a second, genetically distinct individual (the scion), is a powerful experimental system to understand below-ground effects on above-ground phenotypes. Previous studies on grafted grapevines have detected rootstock influence on scion phenotypes including physiology and berry chemistry. However, the extent of the rootstock's influence on leaves, the photosynthetic engines of the vine, and how those effects change over the course of a growing season, are still largely unknown.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Here, we investigate associations between rootstock genotype and shoot system phenotypes using 5 multi-dimensional leaf phenotyping modalities measured in a common grafted scion: ionomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, morphometrics, and physiology. Rootstock influence is ubiquitous but subtle across modalities, with the strongest signature of rootstock observed in the leaf ionome. Moreover, we find that the extent of rootstock influence on scion phenotypes and patterns of phenomic covariation are highly dynamic across the season.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> These findings substantially expand previously identified patterns to demonstrate that rootstock influence on scion phenotypes is complex and dynamic and underscore that broad understanding necessitates volumes of multi-dimensional data previously unmet.</p>
Project description:Grafting is a well-established practice for grapevine to facilitate propagation of productive and tolerant cultivars against several stress factors. It is also considered to be a suitable method for studying molecular aspects of root-to-shoot and/or shoot-to-root signaling events. So far, controlling only effect of rootstock over scion was investigated and root-to-shoot transcriptomic alterations were fallowed on the scions or graft interfaces. The objective of this study was to investigate transcriptomic and physiological influence of scion on the rootstock under drought stress. Therefore, drought tolerant 110R rootstock were firstly grafted with sultana seedless and tested under drought stress with its non-grafted counterpart. The results of treatment indicated that grafted 110R performed the highest root elongation under drought. We carried out a microarray based transcriptome analysis on the roots of grafted and non-grafted 110R to explain this drought derived interaction through scion-to-rootstock. The highest expression increase under drought was recorded for sugar (SWEET) and nitrate or di/tri-peptide (NRT1/ PTR FAMILY) transporter proteins. Expression level of these genes was more highly increased in grafted 110R than its non-grafted counterpart. This situation indicated their potential role in drought tolerance and scion/rootstock harmony. Overexpression of these transporters attributed to increased amount of released nutrient and nitrogen source from abscised leaves of sultana seedless under drought. Remobilization of these rich sources was suggested to chance transcriptomic response of rootstocks and enabled much better growth in grafted 110R. Other transcripts annotated to cell wall modification enzymes (chitinases), osmoregulator proteins (dehydrins, proline-glycine rich proteins) and secondary metabolites (stilbene synthase) were also more highly induced in grafted 110R. This is the first report indicating transcriptomic influence of scion on the grapevine rootstocks and representing the genes responsible in scion/rootstock harmony and drought tolerance.
Project description:Drought has become an increasingly important constraint on grapevine sustainability due to global climate change. Vitis riparia, the only grapevine native to the upper Midwest region of the United States, is widely used in scion and rootstock breeding; however, it is not considered drought tolerant. In this study, RNA-Seq data were generated from grapevine root/shoot under WD and well-watered (control (C)) conditions to compare root signaling and shoot responses to water deficit.
Project description:To determine the roles of the scion and the rootstock in regulating grapevine responses to low Pi supply, the short-term (27 h) root transcriptomic responses were quantified using RNA-Seq.
Project description:This study aimed at investigating the effect in Grapevine of two different rootstocks (1103 Paulsen - P - and Mgt 101-14 - M) in comparison with not grafted plants - F - on the miRNome of berry skin in Pinot noir (clone Entav 115), to explore the influence of rootstock-scion interaction on grape quality. 7-year old grapevine plants were grown in 70-liters, in an open field arranged in a randomized block design with 9 replicates for each root system. The plants were maintained in the same agronomic conditions: all the pots were fertilized and were abundantly irrigated. Berry samples (15 per plant, 3 plants per replicate), were collected at two different developmental stage: veraison (1) and maturation (2), and dissected to separate skin tissues. Total RNA was extracted and DNase treated, small RNA libraries were prepared using the TruSeq Small RNA Sample Preparation Kit (Illumina®), following all manufacturers' instructions. Eighteen bar-coded small RNA libraries were constructed starting from 1 µg of total RNAs.
Project description:The main objective of this work was to evaluate the toxicity of Cd, in different genotypes of T. cacao, in scion-rootstock combinations (CCN 51-BN 34, CCN 51-PS 1319, CCN 51-PH 16, CCN 51-CCN 51), grown in soil with 150 mg Cd kg-1 soil, together with the control treatment (without addition of Cd in the soil), through proteomic profile, aiming to elucidate the influence of the scion-rootstock interaction on differential uptake and accumulation of Cd in roots and leaves.
Project description:Grapevine is a perennial crop often cultivated by grafting a scion cultivar on a suitable rootstock. Rootstocks influence scions, particularly with regard to water uptake and vigor. Therefore, one of the possibilities to adapt viticulture to the extended drought stress periods is to select rootstocks conferring increased tolerance to drought. However, the molecular mechanisms associated with the ability of rootstock/scion combination to influence grape berry metabolism under drought stress are still poorly understood. The transcriptomic changes induced by drought stress in grape berries (cv. Pinot noir) from vines grafted on either 110R (drought tolerant) or 125AA (drought sensitive) rootstock were compared. The experiments were conducted in the vineyard for two years and two grape berry developmental stages (50% and 100 % veraison. The genome-wide microarray approach showed that water stress strongly impacts gene expression in the berries, through ontology categories that cover cell wall metabolism, primary and secondary metabolism, signalling, stress, and hormones, and that some of these effects strongly depend on the rootstock genotype. Indeed, under drought stress, berries from vines grafted on 110R displayed a different transcriptional response compared to 125AA concerning genes related to jasmonate, phenylpropanoid metabolism and PR-proteins. The data also suggests a link between jasmonate and secondary metabolism in water-stressed berries. Overall, genes related to secondary metabolism and jasmonate are more induced and/or less repressed by drought stress in the berries grafted on the drought-sensitive rootstock 125AA. These rootstock-dependent gene expression changes are relevant for berry composition and sensory properties.
Project description:This study aimed at investigating the effect in Grapevine of two different rootstocks (1103 Paulsen - P - and Mgt 101-14 - M) in comparison with not grafted plants - F - on the transcriptome of berry skin in Pinot noir (clone Entav 115), to explore the influence of rootstock-scion interaction on grape quality. 7-year old grapevine plants were grown in 70-liters, in an open field arranged in a randomized block design with 9 replicates for each root system. The plants were maintained in the same agronomic conditions: all the pots were fertilized and were abundantly irrigated. Berry samples (15 per plant, 3 plants per replicate), were collected at two different developmental stage: veraison (1) and maturation (2), and dissected to separate skin tissues. Total RNA was extracted from berry skins and DNase treated. 18 mRNA seq libraries were prepared, starting from total RNA (1 µg), using TruSeq RNA sample preparation kit (Illumina), according to manufacturers’ instructions. Libraries were quantified through qRT-PCR, as recommended by the protocol, and single-end sequenced for 100 bases on an Illumina Genome Analyzer (GAIIx).
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series: GSE41309: Differential expression in response to water deficit in diploid leaves of sweet orange scion grafted alternatively on a diploid or auto-tetraploid Rangpur lime rootstock: data concerning the scion grafted onto diploid rootstock. GSE41310: Differential expression in response to water deficit in diploid leaves of sweet orange scion grafted alternatively on a diploid or auto-tetraploid Rangpur lime rootstock: data concerning the scion grafted onto tetraploid rootstock Refer to individual Series
Project description:Influence of grapevine rootstock and scion genotypes on the structure and composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with the root system.