Evaluating the Efficiency of RRN (16S-ITS-23S) Operon Sequencing
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PROVIDER: PRJEB72454 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Full-length 16S-23S rRNA gene sequences from pre and post PrEP specimens
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Project description:Pseudomonas entomophila strain:23S Genome sequencing
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Project description:The 16S-23S spacer regions of two ribosomal operons (rrnA and rrnE) have been sequenced in seven representatives of the Salmonella enterica subspecies. Isolated nucleotide substitutions were found at the same sites as in Escherichia coli but the number of polymorphic sites was much larger, as could be expected for a more heterogeneous species. Still, as in E. coli, most of the variation found was due to insertions and/or deletions affecting blocks of nucleotides generally located at equivalent regions of the putative secondary structure for both species. Isolated polymorphic sites generated phylogenetic trees generally consistent with the subspecies structure and the accepted relationships among the subspecies. However, the sequences of rrnE put subspecies I closer to E. coli K-12 than to the other S. enterica subspecies. The distribution of polymorphisms affecting blocks of nucleotides was much more random, and the presence of equivalent sequences in distantly related subspecies, and even in E. coli, could reflect relatively frequent horizontal transfer. The smallest 16S-23S spacers in other genera of the family Enterobacteriaceae were also sequenced. As expected, the level of variation was much larger. Still, the phylogenetic tree inferred is consistent with those of 16S rRNA or housekeeping genes.
| S-EPMC107142 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study explores the effects of prolonged stationary phase, on whole genome expression of Escherichia coli. In summary these results imply that prolonged stationary phase cells have shown less growth rate compared to fresh cells due to the low abundance of transcripts for translation initiation factor infC, and for all the seven rrn operons of 5S, 16S, 23S ribosomal RNA which further delayed in protein synthesis leading to low biomass in prolonged stationary phase cells.
2013-09-12 | GSE50828 | GEO
Project description:Background: Profiling the microbiome of low-biomass samples is challenging for metagenomics since these samples are prone to contain DNA from other sources (e.g. host or environment). The usual approach is sequencing short regions of the 16S rRNA gene, which fails to assign taxonomy to genus and species level. To achieve an increased taxonomic resolution, we aim to develop long-amplicon PCR-based approaches using Nanopore sequencing. We assessed two different genetic markers: the full-length 16S rRNA (~1,500 bp) and the 16S-ITS-23S region from the rrn operon (4,300 bp). Methods: We sequenced a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, two mock communities and two pools of low-biomass samples (dog skin). Nanopore sequencing was performed on MinION™ using the 1D PCR barcoding kit. Sequences were pre-processed, and data were analyzed using EPI2ME or Minimap2 with rrn database. Consensus sequences of the 16S-ITS-23S genetic marker were obtained using canu. Results: The full-length 16S rRNA and the 16S-ITS-23S region of the rrn operon were used to retrieve the microbiota composition of the samples at the genus and species level. For the Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolate, the amplicons were assigned to the correct bacterial species in ~98% of the cases with the16S-ITS-23S genetic marker, and in ~68%, with the 16S rRNA gene when using EPI2ME. Using mock communities, we found that the full-length 16S rRNA gene represented better the abundances of a microbial community; whereas, 16S-ITS-23S obtained better resolution at the species level. Finally, we characterized low-biomass skin microbiota samples and detected species with an environmental origin. Conclusions: Both full-length 16S rRNA and the 16S-ITS-23S of the rrn operon retrieved the microbiota composition of simple and complex microbial communities, even from the low-biomass samples such as dog skin. For an increased resolution at the species level, targeting the 16S-ITS-23S of the rrn operon would be the best choice.
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Project description:Amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene is the predominant method to quantify microbial compositions and to discover novel lineages. However, traditional short amplicons often do not contain enough information to confidently resolve their phylogeny. Here we present a cost-effective protocol that amplifies a large part of the rRNA operon and sequences the amplicons with PacBio technology. We tested our method on a mock community and developed a read-curation pipeline that reduces the overall read error rate to 0.18%. Applying our method on four environmental samples, we captured near full-length rRNA operon amplicons from a large diversity of prokaryotes. The method operated at moderately high-throughput (22286-37,850 raw ccs reads) and generated a large amount of putative novel archaeal 23S rRNA gene sequences compared to the archaeal SILVA database. These long amplicons allowed for higher resolution during taxonomic classification by means of long (?1000 bp) 16S rRNA gene fragments and for substantially more confident phylogenies by means of combined near full-length 16S and 23S rRNA gene sequences, compared to shorter traditional amplicons (250 bp of the 16S rRNA gene). We recommend our method to those who wish to cost-effectively and confidently estimate the phylogenetic diversity of prokaryotes in environmental samples at high throughput.
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Project description:We amplified the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region of Acholeplasma laidlawii PG8 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and obtained two specific PCR products in different sizes. We have sequenced both PCR products and found that one of them has sequence homologous to the spacer tRNA genes in Bacillus subtilis. This is the first evidence of tRNA genes between the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer regions in members of the class Mollicutes.
| S-EPMC207559 | biostudies-other
Project description:Clostridium difficile is a major spore-forming environmental pathogen that causes serious health problems in patients undergoing antibiotic therapy. Consequently, reliable and sensitive methods for typing individual strains are required for epidemiological and environmental studies. Ribotyping is generally considered the best method, but it fails to account for sequence diversity which might exist in intergenic 16S-23S rRNA spacer regions (ISRs) within and among strains of this organism. Therefore, this study was undertaken to compare the sequence of each individual ISR in five strains of C. difficile to explore the extent of this diversity and see whether such information might provide the basis for more sensitive and discriminatory strain typing methods. After targeted PCR amplification, cloning, and sequencing, the diversity of the ISRs was used as a measure of rRNA operon copy number. In C. difficile strains 630, ATCC 43593, A, and B, 11, 11, 7, and 8 ISR length variants, respectively, were found (containing different combinations of sequence groups [i to xiii]), suggesting 11, 11, 7, and 8 rrn copies in the respective strains. Many ISRs of the same length differed markedly in their sequences, and some of these were restricted in occurrence to a single strain. Most of these ISRs did not contain any tRNA genes, and only single copies of the tRNA(Ala) gene were found in those that did. The presence of ISR sequence groups (i to xiii) varied between strains, with some found in one, two, three, four, or all five strains. We conclude that the intergenic 16S-23S rRNA spacer regions showed a high degree of diversity, not only among the rrn operons in different strains and different rrn copies in a single strain but also among ISRs of the same length. It appears that C. difficile ISRs vary more at the inter- and intragenic levels than those of other species as determined by empirical comparison of sequences. The precise characterization of these sequences has demonstrated a high level of mosaic sequence block rearrangements that are present or absent in multiple strain-variable rrn copies within and between five different strains of C. difficile.
| S-EPMC1636144 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A total of 25 modifications were mapped to 16S and 23S RNA in B. subtilis ribosome, however most of the genes responsible for these modification sites remain unknown. In this work, bottom-up oligonucleotide LC-MS/MS was used to detect rRNA modifications in five single gene knock-out strains: yydA, yhcT, yjbO, ylyB, yqxC. By comparing oligonucleotide modification states between the background 168 strain (annotated as WT) and the mutants: ylyB was confirmed to be a pseudouridine synthase at positions 1940, 1944, 1946 of 23S; yydA is a N3-pseudouridine methyltransferase at 1944 of 23S; and yqxC is a dual 2’O-cytidine methyltransferase at 1417 of 16S and 1949 of 23S. Deletion of yhcT or yjbO does not change rRNA modification pattern.
2024-08-06 | PXD051518 | Pride
Project description:Microbial communities are commonly studied by using amplicon sequencing of part of the 16S rRNA gene. Sequencing of the full-length 16S rRNA gene can provide higher taxonomic resolution and accuracy. To obtain even higher taxonomic resolution, with as few false-positives as possible, we assessed a method using long amplicon sequencing targeting the rRNA operon combined with a CCMetagen pipeline. Taxonomic assignment had > 90% accuracy at the species level in a mock sample and at the family level in equine fecal samples, generating similar taxonomic composition as shotgun sequencing. The rRNA operon amplicon sequencing of equine fecal samples underestimated compositional percentages of bacterial strains containing unlinked rRNA genes by a fourth to a third, but unlinked rRNA genes had a limited effect on the overall results. The rRNA operon amplicon sequencing with the A519F + U2428R primer set was able to detect some kind of archaeal genomes such as Methanobacteriales and Methanomicrobiales, whereas full-length 16S rRNA with 27F + 1492R could not. Therefore, we conclude that amplicon sequencing targeting the rRNA operon captures more detailed variations of equine microbiota.
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