Microbiome composition of ten conventional and organic arable fields on sandy soil in Netherlands
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJEB82719 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERR13992600_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR13992600_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR13992601_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR13992601_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR13992602_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:The sequestration in soil of organic carbon (SOC) derived from atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) by replacing arable crops with leys, has been measured over 70?years on a sandy loam soil. The experiment was designed initially to test the effect of leys on the yields of arable crops. A 3-year grazed grass with clover (grass?+?clover) ley in a 5-year rotation with arable crops increased percentage organic carbon (%OC) in the top 25?cm of the soil from 0.98 to 1.23 in 28?years, but with little further increase during the next 40?years with all-grass leys given fertilizer nitrogen (N). In this second period, OC inputs were balanced by losses, suggesting that about 1.3% OC might be near the equilibrium content for this rotation. Including 3-year lucerne (Medicago sativa) leys had little effect on %OC over 28?years, but after changing to grass?+?clover leys, %OC increased to 1.24 during the next 40?years. Eight-year leys (all grass with N or grass?+?clover) in 10-year rotations with arable crops were started in the 1970s, and after three rotations %OC had increased to ca. 1.40 in 2000-2009. Over 70?years, %OC declined from 0.98 to 0.94 in an all-arable rotation with mainly cereals and to 0.82 with more root crops. Applications of 38?t?ha-1 farmyard manure (FYM) every fifth year increased %OC by 0.13% by the mid-1960s when applications ceased. Soil treated with FYM still contained 0.10% more OC in 2000-2009. Changes in the amount of OC have been modelled with RothC-26.3 and estimated inputs of C for selected rotations. Little of the OC input during the 70?years has been retained; most was retained in the grazed ley rotation, but 9?t?ha-1 only of a total input of 189?t?ha-1. In other rotations more than 98% of the total OC input was lost. Despite large losses of C, annual increases in OC of 4‰ are possible on this soil type with the inclusion of grass or grass?+?clover leys or the application of FYM, but only for a limited period. Such increases in SOC might help to limit increases in atmospheric CO2.HighlightsCan leys sequester significant amounts of atmospheric CO 2 in SOM and contribute to the 4‰ initiative?Changes in the percentage and amount of OC were measured and modelled over 70?years and OC losses estimated.Three-year grass or grass?+?clover leys increased %OC, but only to an equilibrium level that was then maintained.Despite large losses, sequestering CO 2-C at 4‰?year-1 by growing grass or grass?+?clover leys is possible.
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Project description:Intact soil food webs are pivotal to maintaining essential soil functions, such as carbon recycling, sequestering, and biomass production. Although the functional role of micro- (e.g., bacteria and fungi) and macrofauna (e.g., earthworms) is comparatively well established, the importance of the mesofauna community (e.g., abundance and diversity of Acari and Collembola) in maintaining soil functionality is less clear. We investigated this question in a six-month field experiment in arable soil by actively manipulating mesofauna abundance and biodiversity through the application of two legacy insecticides (lindane and methamidophos) at sufficiently high doses to reduce mesofauna abundance (well above previously registered application rates; 2.5 and 7.5 kg a.s./ha for lindane, and 0.6 and 3 kg a.s./ha for methamidophos) and measure the impact on organic matter degradation. Our results demonstrate that both insecticides had reduced Collembola and Acari abundances by up to 80% over the study's six-month duration. In addition, we observed less pronounced and more complex changes in mesofauna biodiversity over time. These included insecticide-dependent temporal fluctuations (both reduction and increase) for different estimates (indices) of local (alpha)-diversity over time and no lasting impact for most estimates after six months. Even at these exceptionally high field rates, Collembola and Acari diversity was observed to generally recover by six months. In contrast, considering organic matter breakdown, we found no evidence of a treatment-related effect. These results suggest that organic matter breakdown in arable soils is likely driven by other trophic levels (e.g., microorganisms or earthworms) with only a limited influence of the mesofauna community. We discuss these findings with regard to their implications for our current understanding of soil food web function and future European soil risk assessments. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1423-1433. © 2021 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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