Project description:TGF-beta plays multiple functions in a board range of cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, motility and survival by activating several cellular signaling pathways, including Smads and MAP kinases (Erk, JNK and p38). In particular, TGF-beta can activate pro- or anti-apoptotic signals depending on the target cells. We found that blockage of JNK activation sensitized mouse B lymphoma derived A20 cells to TGF-beta-induced apoptosis. These results suggest that TGF-beta activate JNK to inhibit the activation of death signal that is simultaneously activated by TGF-beta. We used microarrays to gain insight into the effects of JNK inhibition on gene expression in TGF-b-stimulated A20 cells and identified JNK-dependent TGF-beta inducible genes. Experiment Overall Design: The following six samples were prepared: untreated A20 cells (non-stimulated, DMSO): A20 cells cultured with SP600125 for 24 h (non-stimulated, SP600125): A20 cells stimulated with TGF-beta for 12 h (TGF-beta 12 h, DMSO) and 24 h (TGF-beta 24 h, DMSO): and A20 cells stimulated with TGF-beta in the presence of SP600125 for 12 h (TGF-beta 12 h, SP600125) and 24 h (TGF-beta 24 h, SP600125), respectively. Total RNA was prepared and hybridized to the Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 array. Genes whose expression was increased by more than 2-fold at either 12 or 24 h after TGF-beta stimulation were identified as TGF-beta inducible genes. Amongst them, we identified genes whose induction levels were reduced by more than 75% by co-treatment with the JNK inhibitor SP600125.
Project description:TGF-beta plays multiple functions in a board range of cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, motility and survival by activating several cellular signaling pathways, including Smads and MAP kinases (Erk, JNK and p38). In particular, TGF-beta can activate pro- or anti-apoptotic signals depending on the target cells. We found that blockage of JNK activation sensitized mouse B lymphoma derived A20 cells to TGF-beta-induced apoptosis. These results suggest that TGF-beta activate JNK to inhibit the activation of death signal that is simultaneously activated by TGF-beta. We used microarrays to gain insight into the effects of JNK inhibition on gene expression in TGF-b-stimulated A20 cells and identified JNK-dependent TGF-beta inducible genes. Keywords: time course
Project description:TGF-betas have complex roles in tumorigenesis, with context-dependent effects that can either suppress or promote tumor progression. We have previously shown that TGF-beta has tumor suppressor activity in the MCF10Ca1h (M3) human breast cancer xenograft model. To identify potential molecular players in the tumor suppressor responses, we performed global gene expression analyses. To determine which genes were regulated by TGF-beta in this tumor model in vivo, we performed gene expression arrays on tumors derived from xenografts of M3 cells with and without expression of a dominant negative TGF-beta receptor to block activity of endogenous TGF-beta.
Project description:Genetic TNFAIP3 (A20) inactivation is a classical somatic lymphoma lesion and the genomic trait in haploinsufficiency of A20 (HA20). Single-cell sequencing reveals “pre-lymphoma” transcription signatures in lymphocytes of HA20 patients.
Project description:The immune response to Neisseria gonorrhoeae is poorly understood, but its extensive antigenic variability and resistance to complement are thought to allow it to evade destruction by the host’s immune defenses. We propose that N. gonorrhoeae also avoids inducing protective immune responses in the first place. We previously found that N. gonorrhoeae induces IL-17-dependent innate responses in mice and suppresses Th1/Th2-dependent adaptive responses in murine cells in vitro through the induction of TGF-β. In this study using a murine model of vaginal gonococcal infection, mice treated with anti-TGF-β antibody during primary infection showed accelerated clearance of N. gonorrhoeae with incipient development of Th1 and Th2 responses and diminished Th17 responses in genital tract tissue. Upon secondary reinfection, mice that had been treated with anti-TGF-β during primary infection showed anamnestic recall of both Th1 and Th2 responses, with the development of anti-gonococcal antibodies in serum and secretions, and enhanced resistance to reinfection. In knockout mouse strains defective in Th1 or Th2 responses, accelerated clearance of primary infection due to anti-TGF-β treatment was dependent on Th1 but not Th2 activity, whereas resistance to secondary infection resulting from anti-TGF-β treatment during primary infection was due to both Th1- and Th2-dependent memory responses. We propose that N. gonorrhoeae proactively elicits Th-17-driven innate responses that it can resist, and suppresses Th1/Th2-driven specific adaptive immunity that would protect the host. Blockade of TGF-β reverses this pattern of host immune responsiveness and facilitates the emergence of protective anti-gonococcal immunity. We only did microarray assay for wild-type mice with or without anti-TGF-b treatment. Experiment A: Totally there are three groups: Sham-infected mice without treatment; N.gonorrhoeae-infected with control IgG treatment; N.gonorrhoeae-infected with anti-TGF-β treatment. For each group, two mice were studied. Total RNA from mouse vagina were analysed. Experiment B: Totally there are three groups: Sham-reinfected mice without treatment; N.gonorrhoeae-reinfected with control IgG treatment; N.gonorrhoeae-reinfected with anti-TGF-β treatment. For each group, two mice were studied. Total RNA from mouse vagina were analysed.
Project description:Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome with clinical features of red cell aplasia and variable developmental abnormalities. Most affected patients have heterozygous loss of function mutations in ribosomal protein genes but the pathogenic mechanism is still unknown. We generated induced pluripotent stem cells from DBA patients carrying RPS19 or RPL5 mutations. Transcriptome analysis revealed the striking dysregulation of the transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway in DBA lines. Expression of TGF beta target genes, such as TGFBI, BAMBI, COL3A1 and SERPINE1 was significantly increased in the DBA iPSCs. We quantified intermediates in canonical and non-canonical TGF beta pathways and observed a significant increase in the levels of the non-canonical pathway mediator p-JNK in the DBA iPSCs. Moreover, when the mutant cells were corrected by ectopic expression of WT RPS19 or RPL5, levels of p-JNK returned to normal. Surprisingly, nuclear levels of SMAD4, a mediator of canonical TGF beta signaling, were decreased in DBA cells due to increased proteolytic turnover. We also observed the up-regulation of TGF beta 1R, TGF beta 2, CDKN1A and SERPINE1 mRNA, and the significant decrease of GATA1 mRNA in the primitive multilineage progenitors. In summary our observations identify for the first time a dysregulation of the TGF beta pathway in the pathobiology of DBA. 6 Total human iPS samples were analyzed, including 2 wild type samples, 2 DBA samples with a RPS19 mutation, and 2 DBA samples with a RPL5 mutation. We generated the following pairwise comparisons using Partek Softare : RPS19 <WT; RPL5<WT. Genes with an FDR≤5% and a fold-change ≥2 were selected.
Project description:Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome with clinical features of red cell aplasia and variable developmental abnormalities. Most affected patients have heterozygous loss of function mutations in ribosomal protein genes but the pathogenic mechanism is still unknown. We generated induced pluripotent stem cells from DBA patients carrying RPS19 or RPL5 mutations. Transcriptome analysis revealed the striking dysregulation of the transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway in DBA lines. Expression of TGF beta target genes, such as TGFBI, BAMBI, COL3A1 and SERPINE1 was significantly increased in the DBA iPSCs. We quantified intermediates in canonical and non-canonical TGF beta pathways and observed a significant increase in the levels of the non-canonical pathway mediator p-JNK in the DBA iPSCs. Moreover, when the mutant cells were corrected by ectopic expression of WT RPS19 or RPL5, levels of p-JNK returned to normal. Surprisingly, nuclear levels of SMAD4, a mediator of canonical TGF beta signaling, were decreased in DBA cells due to increased proteolytic turnover. We also observed the up-regulation of TGF beta 1R, TGF beta 2, CDKN1A and SERPINE1 mRNA, and the significant decrease of GATA1 mRNA in the primitive multilineage progenitors. In summary our observations identify for the first time a dysregulation of the TGF beta pathway in the pathobiology of DBA. 8 Total samples were analyzed, including 4 wild type samples, 2 RPS19 mutant samples, 2 corrected RPS19 mutant samples. We generated the following pairwise comparisons using Partek Softare : RPS19 mutant<WT; RPS19 mutant<corrected RPS19 mutant. Genes with an FDR?5% and a fold-change ?2 were selected.
Project description:Single cell RNA-Seq analysis of A20 tumors indicated that the IFN1 signature was derived primarily from monocytes and T cells, not the B cell population which includes A20 tumor cells. Single cell RNA-Seq analysis characterized the effect of TAK-981 on B cells (n=4513, includes both A20 B lymphoma tumor cells and WT B cells), erythrocytes (n=238), monocytes (n=85) and T cells (n=107) from A20 tumors responding to treatment with TAK-981. Tumors were harvested 8 h after treatment of A20 tumor-bearing Balb/c mice with either vehicle or 7.5 mg/kg TAK-981 and subjected to scRNA-Seq.
Project description:Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome with clinical features of red cell aplasia and variable developmental abnormalities. Most affected patients have heterozygous loss of function mutations in ribosomal protein genes but the pathogenic mechanism is still unknown. We generated induced pluripotent stem cells from DBA patients carrying RPS19 or RPL5 mutations. Transcriptome analysis revealed the striking dysregulation of the transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway in DBA lines. Expression of TGF beta target genes, such as TGFBI, BAMBI, COL3A1 and SERPINE1 was significantly increased in the DBA iPSCs. We quantified intermediates in canonical and non-canonical TGF beta pathways and observed a significant increase in the levels of the non-canonical pathway mediator p-JNK in the DBA iPSCs. Moreover, when the mutant cells were corrected by ectopic expression of WT RPS19 or RPL5, levels of p-JNK returned to normal. Surprisingly, nuclear levels of SMAD4, a mediator of canonical TGF beta signaling, were decreased in DBA cells due to increased proteolytic turnover. We also observed the up-regulation of TGF beta 1R, TGF beta 2, CDKN1A and SERPINE1 mRNA, and the significant decrease of GATA1 mRNA in the primitive multilineage progenitors. In summary our observations identify for the first time a dysregulation of the TGF beta pathway in the pathobiology of DBA.
Project description:Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome with clinical features of red cell aplasia and variable developmental abnormalities. Most affected patients have heterozygous loss of function mutations in ribosomal protein genes but the pathogenic mechanism is still unknown. We generated induced pluripotent stem cells from DBA patients carrying RPS19 or RPL5 mutations. Transcriptome analysis revealed the striking dysregulation of the transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway in DBA lines. Expression of TGF beta target genes, such as TGFBI, BAMBI, COL3A1 and SERPINE1 was significantly increased in the DBA iPSCs. We quantified intermediates in canonical and non-canonical TGF beta pathways and observed a significant increase in the levels of the non-canonical pathway mediator p-JNK in the DBA iPSCs. Moreover, when the mutant cells were corrected by ectopic expression of WT RPS19 or RPL5, levels of p-JNK returned to normal. Surprisingly, nuclear levels of SMAD4, a mediator of canonical TGF beta signaling, were decreased in DBA cells due to increased proteolytic turnover. We also observed the up-regulation of TGF beta 1R, TGF beta 2, CDKN1A and SERPINE1 mRNA, and the significant decrease of GATA1 mRNA in the primitive multilineage progenitors. In summary our observations identify for the first time a dysregulation of the TGF beta pathway in the pathobiology of DBA.