CYP72A1182 is involved in metabolic resistance evolution to tembotrione in Palmer amaranth
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PROVIDER: PRJNA1016406 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Evolution of metabolic herbicide resistance is a major issue for weed management. Few genes and regulatory mechanisms have been identified, particularly in dicotyledonous weed species. We identified putative causal genes and regulatory mechanism for tembotrione-resistance in Amaranthus palmeri. Cytochrome P450 candidate genes were identified through RNA-seq analysis. We validated their functions using heterologous expression in S. cerevisae. Promoters of the candidate P450 genes were analyzed. We performed QTL mapping to identify genomic regions associated with resistance. CYP72A1182 deactivated tembotrione. This gene had increased expression in other A. palmeri populations resistant to multiple herbicides, including-tembotrione. Resistant plants exhibited polymorphisms in the promoter of CYP72A1182. We identified QTLs linked to herbicide resistance, including one on chromosome 4 approximately 3 Mb away from CYP72A1182. CYP72A1182 is involved in tembotrione resistance in A. palmeri. Increased expression of this gene could be due to cis-regulation in the promoter, as well as trans-regulation from transcription factors; however further studies are in progress to test this hypothesis. The elucidation of regulatory genes is crucial for developing innovative weed management approaches and target-based novel molecules.
2025-02-14 | GSE243128 | GEO
Project description:Evolution of multiple herbicide resistance in Palmer amaranth across the United States is a serious challenge for its management. Recently, a Palmer amaranth population (KCTR; Kansas Conservation Tillage Resistant) from a long-term conservation tillage research project in Kansas, United States, was found uncontrolled by several commonly used herbicides. Importantly, this field did not have a history of repeated use of some of the herbicides for which the KCTR Palmer amaranth population showed lack of control. The objectives of this study were to confirm the evolution of multiple resistances and determine possible mechanism(s) of resistance in KCTR Palmer amaranth plants. In response to post-emergence application, 28-100% of KCTR Palmer amaranth survived field recommended rates of 2,4-D, ALS-, PS II-, EPSPS-, PPO-, HPPD-inhibitor herbicides, or tank- or pre-mixture of PS II- and HPPD-inhibitor herbicides, confirming evolution of six-way resistance in this Palmer amaranth population. However, this population was found susceptible to the PS I- and glutamine synthetase inhibitor herbicides. Chlorsulfuron-, imazethapyr-, and atrazine-resistant plants did not show any previously reported mutation in ALS and psbA genes, the target sites of these herbicides, respectively. However, the survivors of glyphosate treatment showed amplification of EPSPS gene (up to 88 copies). The KCTR plants pretreated with cytochrome P450 or GST inhibitors along with atrazine, 2,4-D, lactofen, or mesotrione had significantly less biomass accumulation than those treated with herbicides alone. Plants treated with P450 inhibitor followed by imazethapyr showed moderate reduction of biomass in KCTR which was statistically similar to a susceptible Palmer amaranth population treated with imazethapyr. These results suggest predominance of metabolic resistance possibly mediated by cytochrome P450 and GST enzyme activity that may have predisposed the KCTR Palmer amaranth population to evolve resistance to multiple herbicides. This is the first report of evolution of six-way resistance in a single Palmer amaranth population. Appropriate management strategies, including integration of cultural, and mechanical, and herbicide mixtures, are warranted to control such Palmer amaranth populations.
| S-EPMC7841332 | biostudies-literature
Project description:[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.614618.].
| S-EPMC8044531 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson (Palmer amaranth) is considered a problematic and troublesome weed species in many crops in the USA, partly because of its ability to evolve resistance to herbicides. In this study, we explored the mechanism of resistance in a trifluralin-resistant A. palmeri accession collected from Arkansas, USA. Dose-response assays using agar plates demonstrated an EC50 (effective concentration that reduces root length by 50%) of 1.02 µM trifluralin compared to 0.39 µM obtained in the susceptible accession. Thus, under these conditions, the resistant accession required 2.6 times more trifluralin to inhibit root length by 50%. Seeds in the presence or absence of the cytochrome P450-inhibitior malathion displayed a differential response with no significant influence on root length, suggesting that resistance is not P450-mediated. In addition, application of 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-Cl), a glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitor, showed significant differences in root length, indicating that GSTs are most likely involved in the resistance mechanism. Sequencing of α- and β-tubulin genes revealed no single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously described between accessions. In addition, relative gene copy number of α- and β-tubulin genes were estimated; however, both resistant and susceptible accessions displayed similar gene copy numbers. Overall, our results revealed that GST-mediated metabolism contributes to trifluralin resistance in this A. palmeri accession from Arkansas.
| S-EPMC8394034 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Herbicides are major tools for effective weed management. The evolution of resistance to herbicides in weedy species, especially contributed by non-target-site-based resistance (NTSR) is a worrisome issue in crop production globally. Glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) is one of the extremely difficult weeds in southern US crop production. In this study, we present the level and molecular basis of resistance to the chloroacetamide herbicide, S-metolachlor, in six field-evolved A. palmeri populations that had survivors at the recommended field-dose (1.1 kg ai ha-1). These samples were collected in 2014 and 2015. The level of resistance was determined in dose-response assays. The effective dose for 50% control (ED50) of the susceptible population was 27 g ai ha-1, whereas the ED50 of the resistant populations ranged from 88 to 785 g ai ha-1. Therefore, A. palmeri resistance to S-metolachlor evolved in Arkansas as early as 2014. Metabolic-inhibitor and molecular assays indicated NTSR in these populations, mainly driven by GSTs. To understand the mechanism of resistance, selected candidate genes were analyzed in leaves and roots of survivors (with 1 × S-metolachlor). Expression analysis of the candidate genes showed that the primary site of S-metolachlor detoxification in A. palmeri is in the roots. Two GST genes, ApGSTU19 and ApGSTF8 were constitutively highly expressed in roots of all plants across all resistant populations tested. The expression of both GSTs increased further in survivors after treatment with S-metolachlor. The induction level of ApGSTF2 and ApGSTF2like by S-metolachlor differed among resistant populations. Overall, higher expression of ApGSTU19, ApGSTF8, ApGSTF2, and ApGSTF2like, which would lead to higher GST activity in roots, was strongly associated with the resistant phenotype. Phylogenetic relationship and analysis of substrate binding site of candidate genes suggested functional similarities with known metolachlor-detoxifying GSTs, effecting metabolic resistance to S-metolachlor in A. palmeri. Resistance is achieved by elevated baseline expression of these genes and further induction by S-metolachlor in resistant plants.
| S-EPMC7994610 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Genomic and phenotypic evidence for an incomplete domestication of South American grain amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus)
| PRJEB13013 | ENA
Project description:The non-judicious use of herbicides has led to a widespread evolution of herbicide resistance in various weed species including Palmer amaranth, one of the most aggressive and troublesome weeds in the United States. Early detection of herbicide resistance in weed populations may help growers devise alternative management strategies before resistance spreads throughout the field. In this study, Raman spectroscopy was utilized as a rapid, non-destructive diagnostic tool to distinguish between three different glyphosate-resistant and four -susceptible Palmer amaranth populations. The glyphosate-resistant populations used in this study were 11-, 32-, and 36-fold more resistant compared to the susceptible standard. The 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene copy number for these resistant populations ranged from 86 to 116. We found that Raman spectroscopy could be used to differentiate herbicide-treated and non-treated susceptible populations based on changes in the intensity of vibrational bands at 1156, 1186, and 1525 cm-1 that originate from carotenoids. The partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model indicated that within 1 day of glyphosate treatment (D1), the average accuracy of detecting herbicide-treated and non-treated susceptible populations was 90 and 73.3%, respectively. We also found that glyphosate-resistant and -susceptible populations of Palmer amaranth can be easily detected with an accuracy of 84.7 and 71.9%, respectively, as early as D1. There were relative differences in the concentration of carotenoids in plants with different resistance levels, but these changes were not significant. The results of the study illustrate the utility of Raman spectra for evaluation of herbicide resistance and stress response in plants under field conditions.
| S-EPMC8212978 | biostudies-literature