Ghrelin deletion and conditional ghrelin-cell ablation increase pancreatic islet size in mice
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1022509 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:We utilized single cell sequencing of FACS sorted cells from pancreatic islets of wildtype and ghrelin knock out mice to understand the effects of ghrelin deletion on gene expression profiles of various islet cells.
2023-11-06 | GSE244390 | GEO
Project description:Ghrelin exerts key effects on islet hormone secretion to regulate blood glucose levels. Here, we sought to determine whether ghrelin's effects on islets extend to the alteration of islet size and β cell mass. We demonstrate that reducing ghrelin - by ghrelin gene knockout (GKO), conditional ghrelin cell ablation, or high-fat diet (HFD) feeding - was associated with increased mean islet size (up to 62%), percentage of large islets (up to 854%), and β cell cross-sectional area (up to 51%). In GKO mice, these effects were more apparent in 10- to 12-week-old mice than in 4-week-old mice. Higher β cell numbers from decreased β cell apoptosis drove the increase in β cell cross-sectional area. Conditional ghrelin cell ablation in adult mice increased the β cell number per islet by 40% within 4 weeks. A negative correlation between islet size and plasma ghrelin in HFD-fed plus chow-fed WT mice, together with even larger islet sizes in HFD-fed GKO mice than in HFD-fed WT mice, suggests that reduced ghrelin was not solely responsible for diet-induced obesity-associated islet enlargement. Single-cell transcriptomics revealed changes in gene expression in several GKO islet cell types, including upregulation of Manf, Dnajc3, and Gnas expression in β cells, which supports decreased β cell apoptosis and/or increased β cell proliferation. These effects of ghrelin reduction on islet morphology might prove useful when designing new therapies for diabetes.
| S-EPMC10721155 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Intra-islet crosstalk between islet cells is critical in orchestrating the body’s response to changes in blood glucose levels, but is incompletely understood. In this study, we used transgenic mouse lines that allowed the purification and transcriptomic characterisation of alpha, beta, and delta cells, yielding an RNA-sequencing database that can be searched for regulatory proteins which are differentially expressed between cell types. As an illustrative example, we examined the expression of g-protein coupled receptors, and found that the ghrelin receptor, Ghsr, was highly expressed in delta cells compared to alpha and beta cells. GHSR excitation elicited increases in cytosolic calcium levels in primary delta cells. In the perfused pancreas, the application of ghrelin stimulated somatostatin secretion, correlating with a decrease in insulin and glucagon release, which was sensitive to somatostatin receptor antagonism. These results show that ghrelin acts specifically on delta cells within pancreatic islets to affect blood glucose regulation.
2016-07-11 | GSE76017 | GEO
Project description:Hepatic fibrosis, the wound-healing response to repeated liver injury, ultimately leads to cirrhosis. There is an urgent need to develop effective antifibrotic therapies. Ghrelin (encoded by Ghrl) is an orexigenic hormone that has pleiotrophic functions including protection against cell death1. Here we investigate whether ghrelin modulates liver fibrosis and protects from acute liver injury. Recombinant ghrelin reduced the fibrogenic response to prolonged bile duct ligation in rats. This effect was associated with decreased liver injury and myofibroblast accumulation as well as attenuation of the altered gene expression profile. Ghrelin also reduced fibrogenic properties in cultured hepatic stellate cells. Moreover, Ghrl-/- mice developed exacerbated hepatic fibrosis and liver damage after chronic injury. Ghrelin also protected rat livers from acute liver injury and reduced the extent of oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. In patients with chronic liver diseases, ghrelin serum levels decreased in those with advanced fibrosis and hepatic expression of the ghrelin gene correlated with expression of fibrogenic genes. Finally, in patients with chronic hepatitis C, single nucleotide polymorphisms of the ghrelin gene (-994CT and â604GA) influenced the progression of liver fibrosis. We conclude that ghrelin exerts antifibrotic effects on the liver and may represent a novel antifibrotic therapy. Experiment Overall Design: Rats were divided into three groups: control rats receiving saline (sham operation), rats with bile duct ligation receiving saline and rats with bile duct ligation receiving recombinant ghrelin (10 micrograms/Kg/day by a subcutaneous osmotic mimi-pump). For the microarray analysis samples from 6 rats were analyzed except for the ghrelin-treated group (5 rats).
2009-01-13 | E-GEOD-13747 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Ghrelin, an orexigenic gut-derived peptide, is gaining increasing attention due to its multifaceted role in a number of physiological functions, including metabolism, cardiovascular health, stress and reproduction. Ghrelin exists in circulation primarily as des-acylated and acylated ghrelin. Des-acyl ghrelin, until recently considered to be an inactive form ghrelin, is now known to have independent physiological functionality. However, the relative contribution of acyl and des-acyl ghrelin to reproductive development and function is currently unknown. Here we used ghrelin-O-acyltransferase (GOAT) knockout (KO) mice that have no measurable levels of endogenous acyl ghrelin and chronically high levels of des-acyl ghrelin, to characterise how the developmental and life-long absence of acyl ghrelin affects ovarian development and reproductive capacity. We have combined ovarian transcriptome analysis using RNA sequencing with measures of ovarian morphometry, as well as with the assessment of markers of reproductive maturity and the capacity to breed. Our data show pronounced specific changes in the ovarian transcriptome in the juvenile GOAT KO ovary, indicative of advanced ovarian development. These changes corresponded with diminished ovarian reserve in the juvenile and adult ovaries of these mice, due to a continuous reduction in the number of small follicle populations. These changes did not affect the timing of puberty onset or reproductive capacity under optimal conditions. These data suggest that an absence of acyl ghrelin does not prevent reproductive success but that appropriate levels of acyl and des-acyl ghrelin may be necessary for optimal ovarian maturation.
2019-02-05 | GSE106339 | GEO
Project description:Hepatic fibrosis, the wound-healing response to repeated liver injury, ultimately leads to cirrhosis. There is an urgent need to develop effective antifibrotic therapies. Ghrelin (encoded by Ghrl) is an orexigenic hormone that has pleiotrophic functions including protection against cell death1. Here we investigate whether ghrelin modulates liver fibrosis and protects from acute liver injury. Recombinant ghrelin reduced the fibrogenic response to prolonged bile duct ligation in rats. This effect was associated with decreased liver injury and myofibroblast accumulation as well as attenuation of the altered gene expression profile. Ghrelin also reduced fibrogenic properties in cultured hepatic stellate cells. Moreover, Ghrl-/- mice developed exacerbated hepatic fibrosis and liver damage after chronic injury. Ghrelin also protected rat livers from acute liver injury and reduced the extent of oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. In patients with chronic liver diseases, ghrelin serum levels decreased in those with advanced fibrosis and hepatic expression of the ghrelin gene correlated with expression of fibrogenic genes. Finally, in patients with chronic hepatitis C, single nucleotide polymorphisms of the ghrelin gene (-994CT and –604GA) influenced the progression of liver fibrosis. We conclude that ghrelin exerts antifibrotic effects on the liver and may represent a novel antifibrotic therapy.
2008-12-03 | GSE13747 | GEO
Project description:Whole transcriptome analysis of Ghrelin-expressing and -descendant cells in pancreas from Nkx2.2 KO and WT mouse embryos.
2015-02-25 | E-MTAB-3353 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Ghsr-/- mice and WT controls (14 weeks-old, n = 3 / group) were used to analyse whole genome gene expression in the hippocampal DG. Briefly, mice were prepared with jugular vein cannulae attached to osmotic mini-pumps (Alzet model 2001) under isofluorane anesthesia. The mini-pumps delivered either vehicle or acyl-ghrelin (48μg/day; Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, USA) for 7 days. Mice were killed by cervical dislocation and whole brain was removed and immediately snap frozen on dry ice and stored at -80oC prior to T-RNA extraction for microarray analysis.
2022-11-01 | E-MTAB-3601 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:To preliminary distinguish differential gene expressions in BPH-rat prostate after oral treatment of ghrelin.
2019-04-11 | GSE129561 | GEO
Project description:Conditional ablation of Indian hedgehog (Ihh) in the murine uterus results in mice that are sterile due to defects in embryo implantation. We performed microarray analysis on these mice at the time point at which the Ihh target genes are induced by the administration of exogenous hormone to mimic day 3.5 of pregnancy. This analysis identified 863 genes altered by the conditional ablation of Ihh. Of these, genes that regulated the cell cycle were overrepresented. In addition, genes involved in epidermal growth factor (EGF) and estrogen (E2) signaling were found to be deregulated upon Ihh ablation. Furthermore, upon conditional ablation of Ihh, 15 month old mice exhibited hallmarks of estrogenized uteri such as cystically dilated glands and hyalinized stroma. Thus, Ihh regulates embryo implantation by impacting the cell cycle, EGF signaling, and E2 signaling. Keywords: two group comparison We conditionally ablated Indian hedgehog in the mouse uterus using the PRcre mouse model (PRcre/+Ihhf/f; Ihhd/d). High density DNA microarray analysis was performed on Day -1 of the artificial decidual response on Ihhf/f and Ihhd/d uteri.
2010-03-06 | E-GEOD-19517 | biostudies-arrayexpress