UFL1 ablation in T cells suppresses PD-1 UFMylation to enhance anti-tumor immunity
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1023186 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:To better understand the impact of Ufl1 expression in T cells on regulating tumor microenvironment dynamics, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on purified CD45+ immune cells from MC38 xenografts harvested from Ufl1 cKO or WT C57BL/6 mice.
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Project description:Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have an immunosuppressive function and highly express PD-1 in tumor microenvironment, but the function of PD-1 in Tregs is still controversial. Using murine tumor model, we demonstrated that Tregs-specific PD-1 conditional Knock-Out mice are resistant to tumor progression. Using PD-1 hetero conditional Knock-Out mice in which both PD-1 expressing Tregs and deficient Tregs co-exist, we found that specific ablation of PD-1 on Tregs results in impaired proliferative capacity and functionality of Tumor-infiltrating Tregs. Single cell RNA and VDJ sequencing revealed that PD-1 signaling in TI Tregs induces global transcriptome crucial for Tregs homeostasis and functionality. Taken together, we suggest that specific ablation of PD-1 on Tregs promotes antitumor immunity by exacerbating Tregs stability and functionality.
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Project description:UFM1 is a small, metazoan-specific, ubiquitin-like protein modifier that is essential for embryonic development. Although loss-of-function mutations in UFM1 conjugation are linked to ER stress, neither the biological function nor the relevant cellular targets of this protein modifier are known. Here we show that a largely uncharacterized ribosomal protein, RPL26, is the principal target of UFM1 conjugation. RPL26 UFMylation and deUFMylation is catalyzed by enzyme complexes tethered to the cytoplasmic surface of the ER and UFMylated RPL26 is highly enriched on ER membrane-bound ribosomes and polysomes. Biochemical analysis and structural modeling establish that UFMylated RPL26 and the UFMylation machinery are in close proximity to the SEC61 translocon, suggesting that this modification plays a direct role in cotranslational protein translocation into the ER. These data suggest that UFMylation is a ribosomal modification specialized to facilitate metazoan-specific protein biogenesis at the ER.
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Project description:Disrupting PD-1/PD-L1 interaction rejuvenates antitumor immunity. Clinical successes by blocking PD-1/PD-L1 binding have grown across wide-ranging cancer histologies, but innate therapy resistance is evident in the majority of treated patients1. Cancer cells can express robust surface levels of PD-L1 to tolerize tumor-specific T cells, but regulation of PD-L1 protein levels in the cancer cell is poorly understood. Quasi-mesenchymal tumor cells up-regulate PD-L1/L2 and induce an immune-suppressive microenvironment, including expansion of M2-like macrophages and regulatory T cells and exclusion of CD8+ T-cell infiltration2. Targeted therapy, including MAPK inhibitor therapy in melanoma, leads to quasi-mesenchymal transitions and resistance3, and both MAPK inhibitor treatment and mesenchymal signatures are associated with innate anti-PD-1 resistance4,5. Here we identify ITCH as an E3 ligase that downregulates tumor cell-surface PD-L1/L2 in PD-L1/L2-high cancer cells, including MAPK inhibitor-resistant melanoma, and suppresses acquired MAPK inhibitor resistance in and only in immune-competent mice. ITCH interacts with and poly-ubiquitinates PD-L1/L2, and ITCH deficiency increases cell-surface PD-L1/L2 expression and reduces T cell activation. Mouse melanoma tumors grow faster with Itch knockdown only in syngeneic hosts but not in immune-deficient mice. MAPK inhibitor therapy induces tumor cell-surface PD-L1 expression in murine melanoma, recapitulating the responses of clinical melanoma3, and this induction is more robust with Itch knockdown. Notably, suppression of ITCH expression first elicits a shift toward an immune-suppressive microenvironment and then accelerates resistance development. These findings collectively identify ITCH as a critical negative regulator of PD-L1 tumor cell-surface expression and provide insights into previously unexplained role of PD-L1 in adaptive resistance to therapy.
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Project description:PD-1-PD-L1 Axis Activation Suppresses CD8+ T Cells and Improves Nephritis.
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Project description:Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) arrays are highly repetitive regions of the genome which encode essential genes required to produce ribosomes. DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) generated within rDNA genes elicit a unique cellular response involving robust transcriptional silencing and nucleolar reorganization into ‘cap’ structures at the nucleolar periphery. This process is coordinated by the nucleolar scaffolding protein TCOF1, which functions to recruit the DNA repair proteins NBS1 and TOPBP1 that activate the ATM and ATR kinases, resulting in ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcriptional silencing and nucleolar segregation. However, the DNA damage and repair response at rDNA arrays remains incompletely understood. Here, we investigate the cellular response to rDNA DSBs using proteomics and genetic CRISPR-Cas9 screening. We show that the protein UFMylation pathway and the HUSH complex are important for cell viability and survival in response to rDNA DSBs, and that the E3 UFM1-ligase UFL1 and its heterodimer DDRGK1 are associated with TCOF1 at nucleolar caps. Loss of UFL1 leads to impaired ATM activation, reduced rRNA transcriptional silencing, and an overall reduction in nucleolar segregation. We identified ATM, UNC45A and SMC6 as UFMylated proteins, in which UFMylation may facilitate ATM activation and segregation of damaged rDNA to the nucleolar periphery. Altogether, our findings provide the first evidence for a role for UFMylation in rDNA DSB repair.
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Project description:PD-1-PD-L1 Axis Activation Suppresses CD8+ T Cells and Improves Nephritis [RNA-seq]
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Project description:Specific ablation of PD-1 on regulatory T cells promotes antitumor immunity
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Project description:UFMylation, is a Ubiquitin-like modification occurring on RPL26, a ribosomal subunit, upon ribosome stalling at the ER membrane. This modification is achieved by a pool of enzymes commonly referred to as E1-activating, E2-conjugating and E3-ligase enzymes. The UFM1 E3 ligase comprises of three proteins: UFL1, UFBP1 and CDK5RAP3, referred to as UFM1 Ribosome E3 Ligase (UREL) complex. While UFL1 and UFBP1 are sufficient for E3 ligase activity in vitro, CDK5RAP3 is indispensable for ribosome UFMylation in vivo. In this work, we characterize in vitro UFMylation reaction of purified 60S ribosomes in the presence and absence of CDK5RAP3 using LC-MS/MS. Specifically, we analyse sites of UFMylation, linkage type and quantify monoUFMylation and diUFMylation on RPL26. Interestingly, we find UFMylation to occur on a specific lysine residue, K134, in the presence of UFL1/UFBP1 alone and in complex with CDK5RAP3. In addition, we also provide quantitative information on relative abundances of RPL26 mono- and di-UFMylation under these conditions.
2024-03-22 | PXD046991 | Pride