Ontology highlight
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PROVIDER: PRJNA1024901 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:The Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) is used as a probiotic for the treatment of certain gastrointestinal diseases in several European and non-European countries. In vitro studies showed EcN to efficiently inhibit the production of Shiga toxin (Stx) by Stx producing E. coli (STEC) such as Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). The occurrence of the latest EHEC serotype (O104:H4) responsible for the great outbreak in 2011 in Germany was due to the infection of an enteroaggregative E. coli by a Stx 2-encoding lambdoid phage turning this E. coli into a lysogenic and subsequently into a Stx producing strain. Since EHEC infected persons are not recommended to be treated with antibiotics, EcN might be an alternative medication. However, because a harmless E. coli strain might be converted into a Stx-producer after becoming host to a stx encoding prophage, we tested EcN for stx-phage genome integration. Our experiments revealed the resistance of EcN towards not only stx-phages but also against the lambda phage. This resistance was not based on the lack of or by mutated phage receptors. Rather the expression of certain genes (superinfection exclusion B (sieB) and a phage repressor (pr) gene) of a defective prophage of EcN was involved in the complete resistance of EcN to infection by the stx- and lambda phage. Obviously, EcN cannot be turned into a Stx producer. Furthermore, we observed EcN to inactivate phages and thereby to protect E. coli K-12 strains against infection by stx- as well as lambda-phages. Inactivation of lambda-phages was due to binding of lambda-phages to LamB of EcN whereas inactivation of stx-phages was caused by a thermostable protein of EcN. These properties together with its ability to inhibit Stx production make EcN a good candidate for the prevention of illness caused by EHEC and probably for the treatment of already infected people.
2018-06-14 | GSE109932 | GEO
Project description:Increasing frequency and geographical distribution of harmful algal blooms (HABs) presents a growing threat to the public health. Saxitoxin (STX) is a potent neurotoxin naturally produced by dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria during HAB events. Consumption of seafood contaminated with STX is responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). STX inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels, affecting the propagation of action potentials. Humans are among the species most sensitive to PSP, and neurological symptoms of exposure range from tingling of the extremities to severe paralysis. To protect humans against PSP, there is a ban on harvesting of seafood when the STX levels reach 80 μg/100 g of shellfish tissue. However, shellfish with toxin levels below this regulatory limit often are harvested for consumption. Our objective is to understand the potential health effects of exposure to low levels of STX during sensitive windows of development. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to STX (24 or 48 pg) or vehicle (0.3 mM HCl) at 6 hours post fertilization (hpf) via microinjection. There was no overt toxicity, but starting at 36 hpf there was a temporary lack of pigmentation in STX-injected embryos, which resolved by 72 hpf. Using HPLC, we found that STX was retained in embryos up to 72 hpf in a dose dependent manner. We examined transcriptional profiles in embryos at 24, 36 and 48 hpf. There were no differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in STX-injected embryos at 24 hpf, but at 36 and 48 hpf there were_x000B_3547 and 3356 DEGs, respectively, in response to STX. KEGG pathway analysis revealed significant enrichment of genes related to focal adhesion, adherens junction and regulation of actin cytoskeleton, suggesting that cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions were affected by STX. The genes affected are critical for axonal growth and the development of functional neural networks. We also observed differential expression of axon guidance factors (netrins, semaphorins, and ephrins), which can control axon outgrowth. We are currently using immunohistochemistry to confirm these findings. Overall, these results suggest that STX exposure might affect axon outgrowth by modulating cell adhesion molecules. [NIH P01ES021923 and NSF OCE-1314642].
2022-07-31 | GSE204989 | GEO
Project description:Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a food-borne pathogen that causes diarrheal disease and the potentially lethal hemolytic uremic syndrome. Here, we used an infant rabbit model of EHEC infection that recapitulates many aspects of human intestinal disease to comprehensively assess the host colonic epithelial and lamina propria cell transcriptional responses to EHEC infection. Furthermore, comparisons of colonic pathology and intestinal transcriptomic profiles in animals infected with EHEC strains containing or lacking Shiga toxins (∆∆stx) were carried out to investigate how these potent toxins shape the host response to the pathogen. We found that Stx is required for severe, multi-focal hemorrhage and extensive apoptosis in the colon. RNA-sequencing revealed that EHEC infection elicits a robust innate immune response in the colonic epithelium that is dramatically shaped by Stx. Over 1400 genes were differentially expressed in animals infected with WT versus ∆∆stx EHEC strains. Several pathways linked to innate immune responses were dependent on Stx. Upregulated genes in the presence of toxin included cytokines IL23a and CXCL8, as well as F3, the gene encoding the coagulation initiator Tissue Factor. RNA FISH revealed that these elevated transcripts were found almost exclusively in epithelial cells, suggesting that Stx remodels the transcriptional profile of the epithelium. Collectively, these findings reveal that Stx potently modulates the innate immune response to EHEC in the intestine, and suggest that Stx drives the response to infection towards type 3 immunity.
2021-01-14 | GSE156056 | GEO
Project description:Changes in endothelial phenotype induced by E. coli-derived Shiga toxins (Stx) are believed to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of hemolytic uremic syndrome. Stx inactivate host ribosomes, but also alter gene expression at concentrations that minimally affect global protein synthesis. The effect of Stx on the gene expression profile of human microvascular endothelial cells was examined using the Affymetrix HG-U133A platform. Data were processed using 13 different methods and revealed 369 unique differentially expressed genes, 318 of which were up-regulated and 51 of which were down-regulated. These studies implicated activation of the CXCR4/CXCR7/SDF-1 chemokine pathway in Stx-mediated pathogenesis.
2011-10-11 | GSE32710 | GEO
Project description:Changes in endothelial phenotype induced by E. coli-derived Shiga toxins (Stx) are believed to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of hemolytic uremic syndrome. Stx inactivate host ribosomes, but also alter gene expression at concentrations that minimally affect global protein synthesis. The effect of Stx on the gene expression profile of human microvascular endothelial cells was examined using the Affymetrix HG-U133A platform. Data were processed using 13 different methods and revealed 369 unique differentially expressed genes, 318 of which were up-regulated and 51 of which were down-regulated. These studies implicated activation of the CXCR4/CXCR7/SDF-1 chemokine pathway in Stx-mediated pathogenesis. Primary human dermal microvascular endothelial cells were treated with vehicle or Shiga toxin (10 fM, 24 h, n = 6) and changes in steady-state mRNA levels were determined by hybridization to Affymetrix HG-U133A arrays
2011-10-10 | E-GEOD-32710 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Isolation of genes whose knockout conferring resistance to STx-Induced cell death
2018-12-20 | GSE116730 | GEO
Project description:Isolation of genes in Vero cell whose knockout confer resistance to Stx-induced cell death
2021-05-06 | GSE169364 | GEO
Project description:A food-borne outbreak of haemorrhagic colitis (HC) and HUS caused by E. coli O103:H25 occurred in Norway, 2006. The outbreak included 17 registered cases, of which 10 developed HUS. The aim of this study was to characterize two E. coli O103:H25 isolates from this outbreak. Only one of the isolates carry the stx2 gene (by PCR). Since they have the same typing profile by typing method MLVA, we expect the isolates to have identical gene content except from an Stx2-encoding phage. Therefore, we further investigate whether the Stx2-encoding phage has any impact on the gene expression. Keywords: mixed, gene expression, comparative genomic hybridization Triplicate samples of mRNA from a test strain O157:H7 EDL933 and two outbreak strains - one Stx positive and one stx negative were co-hybridized with genomic DNA from the same strain. Triplicate samples of the Stx positive strain grown at acidic conditions was also co-hybridized with genomic DNA from the Stx positive strain. Genomic DNA for each strain is technical replicates only.
2010-09-01 | E-GEOD-9418 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Mice intraperitoneally administered with LPS and Stx exhibit HUS-like pathology. While mouse and human Gb3 localization is different, LPS and Stx induced kidney injury models in mice have been used to confirm responsiveness to various stx-related inflammatory pathways and treatments. In order for this mouse model to apply tHUS in humans, more detailed and exhaustive comprehension of this animal model is needed. Although molecular studies have been conducted on this mouse model before, we consider that there is still scope for further investigation of molecular pathways and studies on kidney damage segments. Overall, Biological pathways, upstream regulators, and downstream biological activities occurring in the kidney after LPS/Stx administration were identified through Ingenuity Pathway Analysis ™ using the result of microarray. In addition, we identified the detailed damaged site in the renal tubule from the down-regulation gene revealed by microarray.
2021-09-01 | GSE180476 | GEO