Robust reprogramming of glia into neurons by inhibition of Notch signaling and NFI factors in adult mammalian retina.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1033654 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR26588000_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR26588000_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR26588001_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR26588001_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR26588002_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Loss of neurons in the neural retina is a leading cause of vision loss. Retinal regeneration in zebrafish is attributed to Müller glia, which are activated, adopt a stem cell-like state, proliferate, and generate new neurons. Despite the same endogenous Müller glia being present in all vertebrates including humans, Müller glia activation in mammals leads to glial scarring instead of neurogenesis. Therefore, understanding Müller glia cellular states and molecular processes during zebrafish regeneration may allow us to improve mammalian regeneration. Since only a subset of Müller glia activate following neuron loss, we asked whether a specialised subset of Müller glia might be genetically primed for activation. Single-cell RNA sequencing (sc-RNAseq) from integrated zebrafish Müller glia samples reveals heterogeneity of gene expression across the quiescent Müller glia pool with 4 main clusters emerging, two of which are genetically similar. Labelling for key differentially expressed markers identified that these main clusters correlated with glia spatially distributed across dorsal, central and ventral retina. Using a genetically driven, chemically induced nitroreductase approach, three distinct photoreceptor types were ablated: the long (Lws2), short wavelength-sensitive (Sws2) and rod (Xops) photoreceptors, which also differ in their abundance. As expected, histological analysis of the three injuries and sc-RNAseq data for the two cone photoreceptor ablations identified common genetic program involved in the transition of Müller glia quiescence to activation, and differential responses to injury related to either injury extent or subtype of photoreceptor targeted. Interestingly, despite differences in the distributed across the retina, biased activation of Müller glia was observed in dorsal and central regions. Gene ontology analysis revealed that these injury-responsive dorsal and central Müller glia express genes related to dorsal/ventral pattern formation, growth factor activity, and regulation of developmental process. Müller glia upregulated genes related to homeostasis as well as certain AP-1 and injury-responsive transcription factors, followed by expression of genes involved in cell cycle, chromatin remodeling, and microtubule organisation. Prior to cell cycle entry, Müller glia show a transient upregulation of genes involved in gliogenesis, and Notch signalling. These findings enhance our understanding of heterogeneous states of quiescent Müller glia, and how these differences relate to activation and regeneration potential following neural ablation. A comparison of the distinct quiescent Müller glia with glia states in mammals will reveal key molecular pathways that could be targeted for improved mammalian neural regeneration.
2023-08-21 | GSE218107 | GEO
Project description:Purpose: Müller glia are the only glial cell type produced by the neuroepithelial progenitor cells which generate the vertebrate retina. Müller glia are required to maintain retinal homeostasis and support the survival of retinal neurons. Furthermore, they function as an adult stem cell, mediating retinal regeneration among select vertebrate classes. However, the mechanisms which regulate Müller development are poorly understood as considerable overlap exists in gene expression between retinal progenitor cells and differentiated Müller glia. We investigate the functional role of the LIM homeodomain transcription factor Lhx2 in the specification and development of Müller glia in the mouse. Methods: RNA-Seq was performed in collaboration with the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Deep Sequencing and Microarray Core Facility. Libraries were prepared using Illumina TruSeq RNA Sample kit (Illumina, San Diego, CA) following manufacturerâs recommended procedure. The PCR amplified library was purified using RNAClean XP magnetic beads (Agencourt, Beverley, MA) and run out on a High Sensitivity DNA Chip (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA) for quality check. We used STAR to align RNA-Seq reads onto Ensembl mouse genome GRCm38, release 72. To generate the stand attribute for alignments containing splice junctions, we used the outSAMstrandField intronMotif program. The spliced alignments without strand definition were removed. Number of reads mapped to exons was counted by htseq-count. Genes expressed at very low levels were omitted from further analysis. Gene expression differences between wildtype and mutant samples, significance (p-value) and false discovery rate (FDR) were computed using the generalized linear models based EdgeR. Results: We observed a substantial reduction in expression of Notch pathway genes including Notch1, the Notch ligands Dll1 and Dll3, as well as gliogenic Notch effector genes such as Hes1, Hes5, Id1 and Sox8 and the Müller-gliogenic factor Rax. We likewise observe a substantial reduction in expression of progenitor-specific genes such as Vsx2 and Fgf15. Furthermore, we observed a decrease in the expression of early-onset glial markers such as Crym , Spon1, and Car2. Retinal mRNA profiles of post-natal day 0.5 (P0.5) Lhx2 wild type (N=3) and Lhx2lox/lox; Pdgfrα-Cre ÎcKO (N=3) mice were generated using Illumina TruSeq and analyzed with Agilent high sensitivity DNA analsis kit.
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Project description:scRNA-Seq was performed on adult control and Rbpj-deleted mouse retinas to profile changes in gene expression.
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Project description:Purpose: Müller glia are the only glial cell type produced by the neuroepithelial progenitor cells which generate the vertebrate retina. Müller glia are required to maintain retinal homeostasis and support the survival of retinal neurons. Furthermore, they function as an adult stem cell, mediating retinal regeneration among select vertebrate classes. However, the mechanisms which regulate Müller development are poorly understood as considerable overlap exists in gene expression between retinal progenitor cells and differentiated Müller glia. We investigate the functional role of the LIM homeodomain transcription factor Lhx2 in the specification and development of Müller glia in the mouse. Methods: RNA-Seq was performed in collaboration with the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Deep Sequencing and Microarray Core Facility. Libraries were prepared using Illumina TruSeq RNA Sample kit (Illumina, San Diego, CA) following manufacturer’s recommended procedure. The PCR amplified library was purified using RNAClean XP magnetic beads (Agencourt, Beverley, MA) and run out on a High Sensitivity DNA Chip (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA) for quality check. We used STAR to align RNA-Seq reads onto Ensembl mouse genome GRCm38, release 72. To generate the stand attribute for alignments containing splice junctions, we used the outSAMstrandField intronMotif program. The spliced alignments without strand definition were removed. Number of reads mapped to exons was counted by htseq-count. Genes expressed at very low levels were omitted from further analysis. Gene expression differences between wildtype and mutant samples, significance (p-value) and false discovery rate (FDR) were computed using the generalized linear models based EdgeR. Results: We observed a substantial reduction in expression of Notch pathway genes including Notch1, the Notch ligands Dll1 and Dll3, as well as gliogenic Notch effector genes such as Hes1, Hes5, Id1 and Sox8 and the Müller-gliogenic factor Rax. We likewise observe a substantial reduction in expression of progenitor-specific genes such as Vsx2 and Fgf15. Furthermore, we observed a decrease in the expression of early-onset glial markers such as Crym , Spon1, and Car2.
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Project description:Dendrite and synapse development are critical for establishing appropriate neuronal circuits, and disrupted timing of these events can alter connectivity leading to disordered neural function. In early postnatal development of cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs), the expression of many genes is temporally regulated. Further, NFI (Nuclear Factor I) proteins have been shown to play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in developing CGNs. To identify NFI-regulated genome-wide targets involved in late maturation of mouse CGNs, we performed two groups of microarray expression analysis: (1) temporal expression arrays using 1.5 and 6 day cultures of mouse CGNs representing immature and more mature CGNs, respectively, which identified 844 Temporal-Up or Down genes; and (2) NFI-regulated genes in 6 day CGN cultures that were infected at the time of plating with lentiviral vectors expressing either NFI dominant repressor (NFI-EnR) or EnR control protein. This identified 686 NFI-Up (NFI-EnR down-regulated) or NFI-Down (NFI-EnR up-regulated) genes. Overlap analysis identified 212 temporal genes that were regulated by NFI. These results indicated that NFI plays a pivotal role in the regulation of late CGN maturation. For temporal arrays, mouse CGN progenitors were purified from P6 mouse cerebellum and cultured for either 1.5 or 6 days. Three biological replicates were analyzed for each time point. For NFI arrays, CGN progenitors from P6 mice were transduced upon plating with either NFI-EnR or EnR control lentivirus and cultured 6 days. Four pairs of biological replicates were performed.
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