NG2+ and Tbx18+ pericyte subtypes exhibit distinct reprogramming potency following ischemic stroke
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1054597 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR27291366_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR27291366_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR27291367_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR27291367_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR27291368_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Increasing evidence shows that brain pericytes can acquire multipotency to produce multi-lineage cells following injury. However, pericytes are a heterogenous population and it remains unknown whether there are different potencies from different subsets of pericytes in response to injury. Here, using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and immunohistochemistry analysis following ischemic stroke, we showed that NG2+ pericyte subset expressed very strong neural reprogramming potential to produce newborn neurons, while Tbx18+ pericytes displayed strong multipotency to produce endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and microglia but with minimal neural reprogramming potency. In addition, we mimicked ischemic stroke in vitro and developed an NG2+ pericyte neural reprogramming culture model. Here we discovered that AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) modulators facilitated pericyte to neuron conversion by modulating Ser436 phosphorylation status of CREB-binding protein (Cbp), a histone acetyltransferase, which coordinated an acetylation shift between the non-histone substrate (Sox2) and the histone substrate (H2B) and modulated Sox2 nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking during reprogramming/differentiation process. Finally, we identified that sequential treatment of compound C (CpdC) and metformin, AMPK inhibitor and activator respectively through reprogramming/differentiation process, robustly facilitated the conversion of human pericyte into functional neurons via transient pericyte-derived neural stem cell population.
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Project description:Background: The differentiation of pericytes into myofibroblasts causes microvascular degeneration, extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, and tissue stiffening, characteristics of fibrotic diseases. It is unclear how pericyte-myofibroblast differentiation is regulated in the microvascular environment. Our previous study established a novel two-dimensional platform for coculturing microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes derived from the same tissue. This study investigated how ECM stiffness regulated microvascular ECs, pericytes, and their interactions. Methods: Primary microvessels were cultured in the TGM2D medium. Stiff ECM was prepared by incubating ECM solution in regular culture dishes for one hour followed by PBS wash. Soft ECM with Young’s modulus of approximately 6 kPa was used unless otherwise noted. Bone grafts were prepared from the rat skull. Immunostaining, RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR, western blotting, and knockdown experiments were performed on the cells. Results: Primary microvascular pericytes differentiated into myofibroblasts (NG2+αSMA+) on stiff ECM, even with the TGFβ signaling inhibitor A83-01. Soft ECM and A83-01 cooperatively maintained microvascular stability while inhibiting pericyte-myofibroblast differentiation (NG2+αSMA-/low). We thus defined two pericyte subpopulations: primary (NG2+αSMA-/low) and activated (NG2+αSMA+) pericytes. Soft ECM promoted microvascular regeneration and inhibited fibrosis in bone graft transplantation in vivo. As Integrins are the major mechanosensor, we performed qRT-PCR screening of Integrin family members selected from RNA sequencing data. We found that Integrin β1 (Itgb1) was the major subunit downregulated by soft ECM and A83-01 treatment. Knocking down Itgb1 suppressed myofibroblast differentiation on stiff ECM. Interestingly, ITGB1 phosphorylation (Y783) was mainly located on microvascular ECs on stiff ECM, which promoted EC secretion of paracrine factors, including CTGF, to induce pericyte-myofibroblast differentiation. CTGF knockdown or monoclonal antibody treatment partially reduced myofibroblast differentiation, implying the participation of multiple pathways in fibrosis formation. Conclusions: Microvascular ECs mediate ECM stiffness-induced pericyte-myofibroblast differentiation through paracrine signaling.
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Project description:NG2/CSPG4 is expressed in soft tissue sarcomas, however, its function in this tumor type, and its capacity to serve as a therapeutic target are unknown. Here, we used genetically engineered mice and cells from human tumors to determine the function of Ng2/Cspg4 in soft tissue sarcoma initiation and growth. We also investigated the potential for NG2/CSPG4 mAb immunotherapy to target human sarcomas established as xenografts in mice. Inhibiting Ng2/Cspg4 expression in established soft tissue sarcomas is associated with a smaller tumor volume and a reduction in cell proliferation. Intriguingly, deleting Ng2/Cspg4 at the time of tumor initiation has the opposite effect. Gene profiling found that Igfbp3/5 are substantially downregulated when Ng2/Cspg4 is depleted at the time of tumor initiation, but upregulated or only minimally downregulated when Ng2/Cspg4 is depleted after tumor initiation. Furthermore, the normal regulation of Igfbp is blunted when Ng2/Cspg4 is deleted at the time of tumor initiation. Our data show a difference in NG2/CSPG4 function in tumor initiation and maintenance, and provides pre-clinical evidence supporting NG2/CSPG4 as a therapeutic approach in soft tissue sarcoma.
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Project description:Changes in the mechanical homeostasis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) can lead to the initiation and progression of degenerative arthropathies such as osteoarthritis (OA). Cells sense and engage with their mechanical microenvironment through interactions with the extracellular matrix. In the mandibular condylar cartilage, the pericellular microenvironment is composed of type VI collagen. NG2/CSPG4 is a transmembrane proteoglycan that binds with type VI collagen, and has been implicated in the cell stress response through mechanical loading-sensitive signaling networks including ERK 1/2. The objective of this study is to define the role of NG2/CSPG4 in the initiation and progression of TMJ OA and to determine if NG2/CSPG4 engages ERK 1/2 in a mechanical loading dependent manner. In vivo, we induced TMJ OA in control and NG2/CSPG4 knockout mice using a surgical destabilization approach. In control mice, NG2/CSPG4 is depleted during the early stages of TMJ OA and NG2/CSPG4 knockout mice have more severe cartilage degeneration, elevated expression of key OA proteases, and suppression of OA matrix synthesis genes. In vitro, we characterized the transcriptome and protein from control and NG2/CSPG4 knockout cells and found significant dysregulation of the ERK 1/2 signaling axis. To characterize the mechanobiological response of NG2/CSPG4, we applied mechanical loads on cell-agarose-collagen scaffolds using a compression bioreactor and illustrate that NG2/CSPG4 knockout cells fail to mechanically activate ERK 1/2 and are associated with changes in the expression of the same key OA biomarkers measured in vivo. Together, these findings implicate NG2/CSPG4 in the mechanical homeostasis of TMJ cartilage and in the progression of degenerative arthropathies including OA.
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Project description:The overall goal of this project is to characterize the repertoire of miRNAs in E10.5 Tbx18-expressing peri-wolffian duct stroma cells during development. To achieve this, E10.5 peri-wolffian ducts were dissected from timed-mated Tbx18-Cre;CAG-tdTomato embryos, followed by FACS sorting based on RFP expression to enrich for Tbx18-expressing cells.
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Project description:Vascular pericytes, an important cellular component, in the tumor microenvironment, are often associated with tumor vasculatures and their functions in cancer invasion and metastasis are poorly understood. Here we show that PDGF-BB induces pericyte fibroblast transition (designated as PFT), which significantly contributes to tumor invasion and metastasis. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments demonstrate that the PDGF-BB-PDGFRβ signaling promotes PFT in vitro and in in vivo tumors. Genome-wide expression analysis indicates that PDGF-BB-activated pericytes acquire mesenchymal progenitor features. Pharmacological inhibition and genetic deletion of PDGFRβ ablate the PDGF-BB-induced PFT. Genetic tracing of pericytes with two independent mouse strains, i.e., TN-AP-CreERT2:R26R-tdTomato and NG2:R26R-tdTomato, shows that PFT cells gains stromal fibroblast and myofibroblast markers in tumors. Importantly, co-implantation of PFT cells with less-invasive tumor cells in mice markedly promotes tumor dissemination and invasion, leading to an increased number of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and metastasis. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism of vascular pericytes in PDGF-BB-promoted cancer invasion and metastasis by inducing PFT and thus targeting PFT may offer a new treatment option of cancer metastasis. Pericytes were isolated and treated with PDGF-BB or control for 1 or 5 days
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Project description:Proteomics analysis can reveal the differences of protein expression between mural cells (known as pericytes) from normal adjacent tissues (NPC) and tumors (TPC), implying the effectiveness of pericyte to tumor.
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Project description:The evolutionarily conserved transcription factor, Tbx18, is expressed in a dynamic pattern throughout embryonic and early postnatal life and plays crucial roles in the development of multiple organ systems. Previous studies have indicated that this dynamic function is controlled by an expansive regulatory architecture, extending far upstream and downstream of the gene. With the goal of identifying elements that interact with the Tbx18 promoter in developing prostate, we coupled chromatin conformation capture (4C) and ATAC-seq from embryonic day 18.5 (E18.5) mouse urogenital sinus (UGS), where Tbx18 is highly expressed. The data revealed dozens of active chromatin elements distributed throughout a 1.5 million base pair topologically associating domain (TAD). To identify cell types contributing to this chromatin signal, we used lineage tracing methods with a Tbx18 Cre “knock-in” allele; these data show clearly that Tbx18-expressing precursors differentiate into wide array of cell types in multiple tissue compartments, most of which have not been previously reported. We also used a 209 kb Cre-expressing Tbx18 transgene, to partition enhancers for specific precursor types into two rough spatial domains. Within this central 209 kb compartment, we identified ECR1, previously described to regulate Tbx18 expression in ureter, as an active regulator of UGS expression. Together these data define the diverse fates of Tbx18+ precursors in prostate-associated tissues for the first time, and identify a highly active TAD controlling the gene’s essential function in this tissue.
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