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Atypical somatic small RNAs in Anopheles

ABSTRACT: Atypical somatic small RNAs in Anopheles

PROVIDER: PRJNA1056271 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR27334149.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR27334150.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR27334151.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR27334152.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR27334153.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Atypical somatic small RNAs in Anopheles

Project description:Small RNAs of the Piwi-interacting RNA class (piRNA) play a key role in controlling the activity of transposable elements (TEs) in the animal germ line. In some arthropod species, including mosquitoes, the vectors of malaria and other pathogens, the piRNA pathway is active not only in the gonads, where it controls TE activity, but also in somatic tissues, where its targets and functions are less clear. It is thought that the piRNA pathway in somatic tissues is involved in the antiviral response and the modulation of TE activity. Here, we studied the features of small RNA production in head and thorax somatic tissues of Anopheles coluzzii focusing on the small RNAs processed from protein-coding gene mRNAs. We revealed tissue and sex specificity in the production of small RNAs derived from the genic transcripts. Genic small RNAs of 24-30 nt in length are atypical RNAs that lack the hallmarks of piRNAs. The majority of these short RNAs are derived from mitochondrial and nuclear genes involved in energy metabolism. We discuss the peculiarities of the piRNA biogenesis in Anopheles species which may result in the production of genic small RNAs in the somatic tissues.

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Drosophila endogenous small RNAs bind to Argonaute2 in somatic cells

Project description:RNA silencing is a conserved mechanism in which small RNAs trigger various forms of sequence specific gene silencing by guiding Argonaute complexes to target RNAs via base-pairing. RNA silencing is thought to have evolved as a form of nucleic-acid-based immunity to inactivate viruses and transposable elements (TEs). Although the activity of TEs in animals has been thought to be largely restricted to the germline, recent studies have shown that they may also actively transpose in somatic cells, creating somatic mosaicism in animals3. In the Drosophila germline, piRNAs arise from repetitive intergenic elements including retrotransposons by a Dicer-independent pathway and function through the PIWI subfamily of Argonautes to ensure silencing of retrotransposons. Here we show that in Drosophila cultured S2 cells, Argonaute2 (AGO2), an AGO subfamily member of Argonautes, associates with endogenous small RNAs of 20-22 nucleotides in length, which we have collectively named esiRNAs (endogenous siRNAs). esiRNAs can be divided into two groups: one that mainly corresponds to a subset of retrotransposons, and the other that arises from stem-loop structures. esiRNAs are produced in a Dicer-2-dependent manner from distinctive genomic loci, are modified at their 3’ ends and can direct AGO2 to cleave target RNAs. Depletion of Dicer2 or AGO2 in S2 cells coincided with higher levels of retrotransposon transcripts. Together, our findings indicate that in Drosophila, different types of small RNAs and Argonautes are utilized to repress retrotransposons in germline and somatic cells. Keywords: AGO2, small RNA 454 sequencing - high throughput

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