Project description:The aim of this study was to determine the changes in gene expression of rice root tips when they came in to contact with a hard layer (60% wax layer). Three categories of root tips were sampled; tips before the hard layer, tips that had come into contact with the hard layer and root tips which had buckled after coming into contact with the hard layer. Two genotypes (Azucena and Bala) that vary in there ability to penetrate a hard layer were selected for a genotype comparison of gene expression at the hard layer. Experiment Overall Design: A chamber with the internal dimensions of 10 x 5 x 25cm consisting of a glass back, Perspex front and aluminium spacers with an open bottom and top was set at an angle of 15o in a large sand filled tray and filled up to 19.5 cm with dry sand. The sand was watered with nutrient solution, the sand was levelled and then a 5mm thick 60% wax layer (prepared using a ratio of 3:2 (w/w) of pastillated paraffin wax / white soft wax) was poured on the sand. Once the wax layer had set, two small holes were placed at the back of the wax layer to allow water drainage and water exchange via capillary action. The chamber was then filled up with more dry sand, and then watered using nutrient solution. Nutrient solution was then added to the large tray which the chamber had been placed; this was regularly topped up and allowed the watering of the chamber by capillary action. Light was eliminated from the chambers using white (exterior face)/black (interior face) plastic sheeting. Experiment Overall Design: Azucena and Bala seeds were surface sterilized with 1% (v/w) sodium hypochlorate for 5 minutes, then rinsed thoroughly three times with water and then germinated on moist tissue paper for 48 hours at 37oC. A single germinated seed was then sown 1 cm below the surface of the sand in each chamber. Experiment Overall Design: The plants were grown in a controlled environment room with a 12 hour day and night, with a day temperature of 30oC and a night temperature of 24oC with 300 Âµmol m-2 s-1 PAR. After 24 days the chamber was dismantled and the root tips of 5 mm length were harvested from Azucena plants for subsequent RNA extractions from the three categories as follows; a) roots which were between 5-10 mm above the wax layer; b) roots at the wax layer; c) roots which had buckled at the wax layer and grown 7-10 mm after buckling. From Bala plants, only root tips at the layer were harvested. Experiment Overall Design: Each condition was indsependently replicated 3 times.

Project description:affy_meloidogyne_rice - affy_meloidogyne_rice - Plant-parasitic nematodes cause profound economic losses to global agriculture with the obligate sedentary endoparasitic varieties; amongst them the cyst and Root Knot Nematode (RKN) species are the most damaging. Meloidogyne graminicola is a RKN mainly found in the monocotyledous plants. In the compatible interaction with Oryza sativa, M. graminicola induces the characteristic formation of hook-like galls resulting from the redifferentiation of root cells into multinucleate giant cells. In order to understand the global transcriptome changes occurring during infection, several recent microarray studies on root knots have demonstrated complex changes in host plant gene expression in response to infection. However, to our knowledge, all these transcriptome studies were performed on dicotyledous plants. A histological study enabled us to observe hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the surrounding cells leading to the formation of hook-like galls. We also investigated the plant response to M. graminicola by carrying out a global analysis of gene expression during gall formation in rice, using giant cell-enriched root tissues at an early stage (2dpi) and a latter stage (4dpi) of gall development.-Oryza sativa (var. Nipponbare) seedlings were grown on 6 cm3 SAP substrate completed with diluted Hoaglands solution (Reversat et al., 1999). Culture units were placed in a growth chamber illuminated with fluorescent tubes 9/24 h and maintained at 23°C for 5 days before being inoculated with a 100 J2-stage juveniles M. graminicola. One day after inoculation (dai), the rice seedlings were immersed in de-ionised water to remove all J2s that had not penetrated the roots and allowing synchronization of the infection. Each seedling was transferred to a hydroponic mini chamber (Reversat et al., 2004). Sampling was performed at 2 and 4 dai and each of them contained galls from 70 infected plants, they were then hand-dissected, frozen in liquid-nitrogen and stored at -80°C. As reference samples, uninfected meristematic root fragments were dissected from seedlings grown under the same conditions. Each sample was replicated 3 times. Keywords: normal vs disease comparison,time course

Project description:affy_meloidogyne_rice - affy_meloidogyne_rice - Plant-parasitic nematodes cause profound economic losses to global agriculture with the obligate sedentary endoparasitic varieties; amongst them the cyst and Root Knot Nematode (RKN) species are the most damaging. Meloidogyne graminicola is a RKN mainly found in the monocotyledous plants. In the compatible interaction with Oryza sativa, M. graminicola induces the characteristic formation of hook-like galls resulting from the redifferentiation of root cells into multinucleate giant cells. In order to understand the global transcriptome changes occurring during infection, several recent microarray studies on root knots have demonstrated complex changes in host plant gene expression in response to infection. However, to our knowledge, all these transcriptome studies were performed on dicotyledous plants. A histological study enabled us to observe hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the surrounding cells leading to the formation of hook-like galls. We also investigated the plant response to M. graminicola by carrying out a global analysis of gene expression during gall formation in rice, using giant cell-enriched root tissues at an early stage (2dpi) and a latter stage (4dpi) of gall development.-Oryza sativa (var. Nipponbare) seedlings were grown on 6 cm3 SAP substrate completed with diluted Hoaglands solution (Reversat et al., 1999). Culture units were placed in a growth chamber illuminated with fluorescent tubes 9/24 h and maintained at 23°C for 5 days before being inoculated with a 100 J2-stage juveniles M. graminicola. One day after inoculation (dai), the rice seedlings were immersed in de-ionised water to remove all J2s that had not penetrated the roots and allowing synchronization of the infection. Each seedling was transferred to a hydroponic mini chamber (Reversat et al., 2004). Sampling was performed at 2 and 4 dai and each of them contained galls from 70 infected plants, they were then hand-dissected, frozen in liquid-nitrogen and stored at -80°C. As reference samples, uninfected meristematic root fragments were dissected from seedlings grown under the same conditions. Each sample was replicated 3 times. Keywords: normal vs disease comparison,time course 9 arrays - rice

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Oryza sativa

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