Project description:Interventions: Before the start of treatment the patient receives clear oral and written instructions on the use of Cooral by the nurse responsible for the patient. The patient him/herself is able to administer the intraoral component until it feels comfortable. Then the responsible staff check to ensure that it has good contact with the oral mucous membrane. Cooling begins 30 minutes before the start of chemotherapy. Cooling continues until 30 minutes after the termination of the cytostatic infusion. During treatment the patient may if necessary take out the component and replace it again, for a maximum of 10 minutes. Food should thus be taken before or after chemotherapy.
Primary outcome(s): Feasibility for Cooral system during the first chemotherapy cycle.
Study Design: Single arm Non-randomized
Project description:Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) produced by Gram-negative bacteria are mediators of cell survival and pathogenesis by facilitating nutrient transport, virulence factor dissemination, and resistance to antimicrobials. Studies of OMV properties often focus on hypervesiculating Escherichia coli mutants that have increased OMV production when compared to their corresponding wild-type (WT) strains. Currently, two conventional techniques, ultracentrifugation (UC) and ultradiafiltration (UF), are used interchangeably to isolate OMVs, however, there is concern that each technique may inadvertently alter the properties of isolated OMVs during study. To address this concern, we compared two OMV isolation methods, UC and UF, with respect to final OMV quantities, size distributions, and morphologies using a hypervesiculating Escherichia coli K-12 ∆tolA mutant. Cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) visualization of isolated OMVs revealed distinct morphological differences between wild-type and ∆tolA OMVs, where ∆tolA OMVs isolated by either UC or UF method possessed a greater proportion of OMVs with two or more membranes (39.6-42.4%). Proteomic OMV analysis of WT and ∆tolA OMVs confirmed that ∆tolA enhances inner plasma membrane carryover in multi-lamellar OMVs. This study demonstrates that UC and UF are useful techniques for OMV isolation, where UF may be preferable due to faster isolation, higher OMV yields and enrichment of smaller sized vesicles.
Project description:EVs in culture supernatant can be concentrated with removing exsomeres and 97% free proteins by MWCO 750 kDa UF. DEAE chromatography can be divided into bioactive EXO and other EVs as nucleic acid (DNA) cargo in UF-concentrated EVs.
2020-03-12 | GSE146817 | GEO
Project description:Biofilm on reverse osmosis membrane
Project description:In the xylem vessels of susceptible hosts, such as citrus trees or grapevines, Xylella fastidiosa forms biofilm like-colonies that can block water transport, which appears to correlate to disease symptoms. Besides helping host colonization, bacterial biofilms play an important role in resistance against antimicrobial agents, for instance antimicrobial peptides (AMP). Here we show that gomesin, a potent AMP from a Brazilian tarantula spider, modulates X. fastidiosa gene expression profile upon 60 min treatment with a sublethal concentration. Data from DNA microarray hybridizations revealed that among the up-regulated coding sequences (CDS), some are related to biofilm production. In addition, we show that the biofilm formed by gomesin-treated bacteria is thicker than that formed by non-treated cells or cells exposed to streptomycin. We have also observed that treatment of X. fastidiosa with sublethal concentration of gomesin before inoculation in tobacco plants correlates with reduction in CVC symptoms, an effect possibly due to trapping of bacterial cells to fewer xylem vessels given the enhancement in biofilm production. Together, our results suggest that X. fastidiosa can selectively sense a sublethal concentration of gomesin modulating its gene expression to produce a stronger biofilm that may protect itself against the toxic effects of this AMP.
Project description:Purpose: Study transcriptome differences between biofilm, planktonic and stationary cultures. Methods: Total mRNA from in vitro cultures was extracted and sequenced using Ion Torrent PGM sequencer. Results: Characteristic transcriptomic profile was observed for biofilm, planktonic and stationary cultures. Biofilm and planktonic were similar biological states. Conclusions: Results suggest that H. parasuis F9 has more active metabolism during biofilm or planktonic growth when compared to stationary culture. Some identified membrane-related genes could play an important role in biofilm life.