Premature aging in aneuploid yeast is influenced by aneuploidy-induced defects in Ribosome Quality Control [RiboSeq]
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PROVIDER: PRJNA1120791 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Premature aging is a hallmark of Down syndrome, caused by trisomy of human chromosome 21; but the reason is unclear and difficult to study in humans. We used an aneuploid model in wild yeast to show that chromosome amplification disrupts nutrient-induced cell-cycle arrest, quiescence entry, and healthy aging, across genetic backgrounds and amplified chromosomes. We discovered that these defects are due in part to aneuploidy-induced dysfunction in Ribosome Quality Control (RQC). Aneuploids entering quiescence display aberrant ribosome profiles, accumulate RQC intermediates, and harbor an increased load of protein aggregates. Although they have normal proteasome capacity, aneuploids show signs of ubiquitin dysregulation, which impacts cyclin abundance to disrupt arrest. Remarkably, inducing ribosome stalling in euploids produces similar aberrations, while up-regulating limiting RQC subunits or proteins in ubiquitin metabolism alleviates many of the aneuploid defects. Our results raise major implications for other aneuploidy disorders including Down syndrome.
2024-07-31 | GSE269238 | GEO
Project description:Premature aging is a hallmark of Down syndrome, caused by trisomy of human chromosome 21; but the reason is unclear and difficult to study in humans. We used an aneuploid model in wild yeast to show that chromosome amplification disrupts nutrient-induced cell-cycle arrest, quiescence entry, and healthy aging, across genetic backgrounds and amplified chromosomes. We discovered that these defects are due in part to aneuploidy-induced dysfunction in Ribosome Quality Control (RQC). Aneuploids entering quiescence display aberrant ribosome profiles, accumulate RQC intermediates, and harbor an increased load of protein aggregates. Although they have normal proteasome capacity, aneuploids show signs of ubiquitin dysregulation, which impacts cyclin abundance to disrupt arrest. Remarkably, inducing ribosome stalling in euploids produces similar aberrations, while up-regulating limiting RQC subunits or proteins in ubiquitin metabolism alleviates many of the aneuploid defects. Our results raise major implications for other aneuploidy disorders including Down syndrome.
2024-07-31 | GSE269237 | GEO
Project description:Premature aging is a hallmark of Down syndrome, caused by trisomy of human chromosome 21; but the reason is unclear and difficult to study in humans. We used an aneuploid model in wild yeast to show that chromosome amplification disrupts nutrient-induced cell-cycle arrest, quiescence entry, and healthy aging, across genetic backgrounds and amplified chromosomes. We discovered that these defects are due in part to aneuploidy-induced dysfunction in Ribosome Quality Control (RQC). Aneuploids entering quiescence display aberrant ribosome profiles, accumulate RQC intermediates, and harbor an increased load of protein aggregates. Although they have normal proteasome capacity, aneuploids show signs of ubiquitin dysregulation, which impacts cyclin abundance to disrupt arrest. Remarkably, inducing ribosome stalling in euploids produces similar aberrations, while up-regulating limiting RQC subunits or proteins in ubiquitin metabolism alleviates many of the aneuploid defects. Our results raise major implications for other aneuploidy disorders including Down syndrome.
2024-07-31 | GSE269236 | GEO
Project description:Aneuploidy causes a proliferative disadvantage in all normal cells analyzed to date, yet this condition is associated with a disease characterized by unabated proliferative potential, cancer. The mechanisms that allow cancer cells to tolerate the adverse effects of aneuploidy are not known. To probe this question, we identified aneuploid yeast strains with improved proliferative abilities. Their molecular characterization revealed strain-specific genetic alterations as well as mutations shared between different aneuploid strains. Among the latter, a loss-of-function mutation in the gene encoding the deubiquitinating enzyme Ubp6 improves growth rates in four different aneuploid yeast strains by attenuating the changes in intracellular protein composition caused by aneuploidy. Our results demonstrate the existence of aneuploidy-tolerating mutations that improve the fitness of multiple different aneuploidies and highlight the importance of ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation in suppressing the adverse effects of aneuploidy.
2010-02-25 | GSE20464 | GEO
Project description:Aneuploidy, a condition characterized by whole chromosome gains and losses, is often associated with significant cellular stress and decreased fitness. However, whether and how cells respond to the aneuploid state has remained controversial. In aneuploid budding yeast, two opposing gene expression patterns have been reported: an environmental stress response (ESR) and a “common aneuploidy gene-expression” (CAGE) signature, in which many ESR genes are oppositely regulated. Here, we investigate and bring clarity to this controversy. We show that the CAGE signature is not an aneuploidy-specific gene expression signature but is the result of euploid control cells, but not aneuploid cells, having grown into stationary phase. Because growth into stationary phase is amongst the strongest inducers of the ESR, the ESR in aneuploid cells was masked when stationary phase euploid cells were used for normalization in transcriptomic studies. When exponentially growing euploid cells are used in gene expression comparisons with aneuploid cells, the CAGE signature is no longer evident in aneuploid cells. Instead, aneuploid cells are found to exhibit the ESR. We further show that the ESR causes a selective loss of ribosomes in aneuploid cells, providing an explanation for the decreased cellular density in aneuploid cells. We conclude that aneuploid budding yeast cells mount the ESR, rather than a CAGE signature, in response to aneuploidy-induced cellular stresses that results in selective ribosome loss.
2020-06-16 | GSE146791 | GEO
Project description:An unbalanced karyotype, a condition known as aneuploidy, has a profound impact on cellular physiology and is a hallmark of cancer. Determining how aneuploidy affects cells is thus critical to understanding tumorigenesis. Here we show that aneuploidy interferes with the degradation of autophagosomes within lysosomes. Mis-folded proteins that accumulate in aneuploid cells due to aneuploidy-induced proteomic changes overwhelm the lysosome with cargo, leading to the observed lysosomal degradation defects. Importantly, aneuploid cells respond to lysosomal saturation. They activate a lysosomal stress pathway that specifically increases the expression of genes needed for autophagy-mediated protein degradation. Our results reveal lysosomal saturation as a universal feature of the aneuploid state that must be overcome during tumorigenesis.
2015-10-26 | GSE60570 | GEO
Project description:Aneuploidy causes severe developmental defects and is a near universal feature of tumor cells. Despite its profound effects, the cellular processes affected by aneuploidy are not well characterized. Here, we examined the consequences of aneuploidy on the proteome of aneuploid budding yeast strains. We show that although protein levels largely scale with gene copy number, subunits of multi-protein complexes are notable exceptions. Posttranslational mechanisms attenuate their expression when their encoding genes are in excess. Our proteomic analyses further revealed a novel aneuploidy-associated protein expression signature characteristic of altered metabolism and redox homeostasis. Indeed aneuploid cells harbor increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, increased protein turnover attenuates ROS levels and this novel aneuploidy-associated signature and improves the fitness of most aneuploid strains. Our results show that aneuploidy causes alterations in metabolism and redox homeostasis. Cells respond to these alterations through both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms.
2014-08-14 | PXD001019 | Pride
Project description:ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: While changes in chromosome number that result in aneuploidy are associated with phenotypic consequences such as Down syndrome and cancer, the molecular causes of specific phenotypes and genome-wide expression changes that occur in aneuploids are still being elucidated. RESULTS: We employed a segmental aneuploid condition in maize to study phenotypic and gene expression changes associated with aneuploidy. Maize plants that are trisomic for 90% of the short arm of chromosome 5 and monosomic for a small distal portion of the short arm of chromosome 6 exhibited a phenotypic syndrome that includes reduced stature, tassel morphology changes and the presence of knots on the leaves. The knotted-like homeobox gene knox10, which is located on the short arm of chromosome 5, was shown to be ectopically expressed in developing leaves of the aneuploid plants. Expression profiling revealed that ~40% of the expressed genes in the trisomic region exhibited the expected 1.5 fold increased transcript levels while the remaining 60% of genes did not show altered expression even with increased gene dosage. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the majority of genes with altered expression levels were located within the chromosomal regions affected by the segmental aneuploidy and exhibits dosage-dependent expression changes. A small number of genes exhibit higher levels of expression change not predicted by the dosage, or display altered expression even though they are not located in the aneuploid regions. Experiment Overall Design: There are four biological replicates of pooled wild-type siblings and four biological replicates of pooled DpDf plants. The DpDf plants are segmental aneuploids that contain three copies of the short arm of chromosome 5. These plants are all in the B73 inbred genetic background.
2008-06-11 | E-GEOD-10243 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Aneuploidy, or an aberrant karyotype, results in developmental disabilities and has been implicated in tumorigenesis. However, the causes of aneuploidy-induced phenotypes and the consequences of aneuploidy on cell physiology remain poorly understood. We have performed a meta-analysis on gene expression data from aneuploid cells in diverse organisms, including yeast, plants, mice, and humans. We found highly-related gene expression patterns that are conserved between species: genes that were involved in the response to stress were consistently upregulated, while genes associated with the cell cycle and cell proliferation were downregulated in aneuploid cells. Within species, different aneuploidies induced similar changes in gene expression, independent of the specific chromosomal aberrations. Taken together, our results demonstrate that aneuploidies of different chromosomes and in different organisms impact similar cellular pathways and cause a stereotypical anti-proliferative response that must be overcome prior to transformation. These experiments are two-color hybridizations of RNA isolated from aneuploid samples vs matched wt cells, all grown to midlog phase.
2012-06-28 | E-GEOD-35853 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:There are many different types and origins of aneuploidy, but whether there is a uniform cellular response to aneuploidy in human cells has not been addressed so far. To uncover a uniform transcriptional response to aneuploidy we evaluted the transcription profiles of trisomic and tetrasomic cell lines and cell lines with complex aneuploid karyotypes. mRNA expression analysis of aneuploid cell lines derived from HCT116 compared to the HCT116 diploid cell line. With the exception of HCT116 3/3, three biological replicates of the Microarray experiment were performed.
2014-02-19 | E-GEOD-47830 | biostudies-arrayexpress