ABSTRACT: Effects of feeding frequency on liver transcriptome and appetite-regulating peptides in a short intestine, agastric teleost (Chirostoma estor)
Project description:We developed a mass-spectrometry based platform for identification of peptides in humans and by applying this platform we characterized a peptide hormone oxyntomodulin secreted from the intestine in response to glucose. Our data suggest that oxyntomodulin is down-regulated in subjects with type 2 diabetes and up-regulated after bariatric surgery. In summary, the collected data indicate that oxyntomodulin may co-orchestrate appetite and glucose regulatory effects together with incretin hormones.
Project description:Background: 2,5-Dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone (DMHF) is one of the major odor compounds generated by the Maillard reaction. We previously reported that the inhalation of DMHF decreased systolic blood pressure via the autonomic nervous system in rats. The autonomic nervous system is also closely related to appetite regulation. The present study investigated the effects of DMHF on dietary intake and gene expression. Results: The inhalation of DMHF increased the dietary intake of rats during the feeding period. However, body weight gain was suppressed after six weeks of feeding. A DNA microarray analysis showed that DMHF altered gene expression associated with feeding behavior and neurotransmission in the rat brain. Conclusion: DMHF inhalation promotes appetite and changes gene expression in rats. Furthermore, phenotypic changes may regulate neurotransmission and appetite at the mRNA level in addition to controlling the autonomic nervous system.
Project description:The marine teleost intestine plays a vital role in whole body salt and water homeostasis. Marine fish must drink seawater in order to rehydrate, and processing of that seawater throughout the gastrointestinal tract allows for the extraction of water from this highly hyperosmotic source. Although the molecular mechanisms of this process have been the subject of much investigation, numerous questions remain. Here, Gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) were acclimated to normal seawater (35 ppt) of hypersaline seawater (60 ppt) and changes in the anterior intestine, posterior intestine, and intestinal fluid proteomes were investigated using a shotgun proteomics approach employing isobaric TMT tags.
Project description:Consumption of ethanol has detrimental effects on gastric organs such as the intestine. To demonstrate the deleterious effect of alcohol, we sacrificed isobaric feeding or ethanol feeding mice and sorted the dendritic cells from their intestine organ. The dendritic cells were analyzed by a small-scale global proteomics approach. We achieved to obtain the biological signatures in the alcohol abuse mice group using bioinformatics analysis.
Project description:A number of studies have proposed that excess food intake, particularly of high fat diets arise due dysregulation of homeostatic mechanisms regulating neuroendocrine control of appetite and energy balance. Current dogma suggests high fat diets invoke hypothalamic inflammation which reduces hypothalamic sensitivity to metabolic and hormonal cues of conveying peripheral status of energy balance, such as leptin and insulin. A hypothesis for the mechanism leading to hypothalamic inflammation is based on high fat diet mediated changes in gut microbiota which are then proposed to increase circulating levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This in turn activates a hypothalamic inflammatory response via the toll-like receptor (TLR4) and CD14. The aim of this study was to determine hypothalamic gene expression in response to long term feeding of a high fat diet, taking into account the importance of using a control diet with a similar composition and balanced for sucrose content.
