Asymmetric dynamics of GABAergic system and paradoxical responses of GABAergic neurons in piriform seizures
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1161575 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR30674464_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR30674464_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR30674465_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR30674465_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR30674466_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:The piriform cortex (PC) plays a critical role in epileptogenesis, where an excitation/inhibition imbalance contributes to epilepsy etiology. However, the epileptic dynamics of the GABA system and the precise role of GABAergic neurons within the PC in epilepsy remain unclear. Here, we combined Ca2+ and GABA sensors to investigate the dynamics of Gad2-expressing neurons and GABA levels, and selectively manipulated GABAergic neurons in the PC through chemogenetic inhibition and caspase3-mediated apoptosis targeting Gad2 interneurons. The chronic deficiency of PC Gad2 neurons triggered spontaneous recurrent seizures. These findings uncover the dynamic interplay within PC inhibitory components and elaborate counteractive mechanisms in seizure regulation.
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Project description:The ketogenic diet (KD) has been used as an effective therapy to treat epilepsy. Previous studies indicate an elevated level of GABA in the brain by KD treatment. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here we report that KD treatment suppresses seizures in both acute and chronic seizure models and enhances presynaptic GABA release probability in the hippocampus. By screening molecular targets that potentially linked to GABAergic activity with transcriptome analysis, we identify that KD treatment dramatically increased the Nrg1 gene expression in the hippocampus. Disruption of Nrg1 signaling by genetically deleting its receptor-ErbB4 or blocking ErbB4 kinase activity abolishes KD’s effects on GABAergic activity and seizures. Mechanistically, KD treatment increases Nrg1 expression via up-regulating histone acetylation. Our findings suggest a critical role of Nrg1/ErbB4 signaling in mediating KD’s effects on GABAergic activity and seizures, which sheds light on the development of new therapeutic interventions to seizure control.
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Project description:This study aims to investigate age-specific, time-dependent changes in gene expression that may underlie the priming effect of early-life seizures by looking at the sequence of gene expression patterns in the hippocampus at various times following Kainate induced seizures at postnatal day (P) 15. Keywords: other
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Project description:Cell lines geneticially engineered to undergo conditional asymmetric self-renewal were used to identify genes whose expression is asymmetric self-renewal associated (ASRA). Non-random sister chromatid segregation occurs concordantly with asymmetric self-renewal in these cell lines. Asymmetric self-renewal occurs when murine embryo fibroblasts that are otherwise p53-null are induced to express physiological levels of wildtype p53 protein (Asym). To distinguish p53-responsive genes that also require induction of asymmetric self renewal (i.e., ASRA genes) and/or non-random sister chromatid segregation for change, an additional control cell line, which continues to symmetrically self-renew (with random sister chromatid segregation) even when p53 is induced, was also compared (Symp53). This congenic cell line constitutively expresses the type II inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH II; the rate-limiting enzmye for guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis) and, thereby, prevents p53-induced asymmetric self-renewal and non-random sister chromatid segregation. Three biological replicates of asymmetrically self-renewing cultures (Asym1-3) were compared with cultures that were symmetrically self-renewing - either because they did not express p53 (3 biological replicates, Sym1-3) or they expressed constitutive IMPDH II (i.e., not regulated by p53) as well as p53 (2 biological replicates, Symp53_1 and 2.)
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Project description:Blood transcriptome profiling following seizures
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Project description:Early childhood convulsions have been correlated with hippocampal neuron loss in patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. Using a "two-hit" rat seizure model, we have shown that animals subjected to kainate (KA)- or hypoxia-induced seizures during early postnatal period showed no cell death, yet sustained more extensive neuronal death after second seizures in adulthood. An early life seizure, without causing overt cellular injury, predisposes the brain to the damaging effect of seizures in later life. Cellular and molecular changes that accompany early seizures and that lead to subsequent epileptogenesis and increased susceptibility to seizure-induced neuronal injury, however, remain poorly understood. We propose to investigate age-specific, time-dependent changes in gene expression that may underlie this priming effect of early-life seizures. We will determine the sequence of gene expression pattern in the hippocampus at various times following KA induced seizures at postnatal day (P) 15. Previous studies have shown that AMPA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors play a crucial role in the age-specific vulnerability and in the long-term epileptogenic effects of perinatal hypoxia seizures. We found that AMPA receptor antagonists block the increased susceptibility caused by early life seizures to later seizures and seizure-induced brain damage. We hypothesize that an alteration of AMPA receptor composition is one of many changes caused by early-life seizures that leads to an increase in Ca2+ permeability, which then results in cascade of downstream events and modifies array of gene expression that promote epileptogenesis and susceptibility to neuronal death in later life. We will examine three time points: 1hr, 72 hr, and 15 days following systemic KA-induced seizures at P15 as we have previously observed structural changes within the hippocampus at these time points. Within an hour of KA seizures, a marked swelling of dendrites, disassembly of dendritic microtubules and glycogen depletion are observed by electron microscopy. Within 5 days, basal dendrites of CA3 hippocampal pyramidal neurons show abnormal spine morphology and decreased branching pattern. 15 days after the seizures, aberrant growth of mossy fibers in the CA3 stratum oriens is observed in animals exposed to KA. Ten hippocampi will be pooled from five animals treated with KA (3mg/kg i.p.) and from five littermate controls injected with PBS. Animals will be decapitated and hippocampi will be rapidly dissected from the brain, flash frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at -80C until extraction of total RNA, which will be sent to the center. We will provide 4 tissue samples-2 controls and 2 KA, each a pool of five animals - for each time points. Mixing tissues from multiple rats will normalize single nucleotide polymorphisms and tissue heterogeneity.
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Project description:Nucleosomes in active chromatin are dynamic, but whether they have distinct structural conformations is unknown. To identify nucleosomes with alternative structures genome-wide, we used H4S47C-anchored cleavage mapping, which revealed that nucleosomes at 5% of budding yeast nucleosome positions have asymmetric histone-DNA interactions. These asymmetric interactions are enriched at nucleosome positions that flank promoters. Micrococcal nuclease (MNase) sequence-based profiles of asymmetric nucleosome positions revealed a corresponding asymmetry in MNase protection near the dyad axis, suggesting that the loss of DNA contacts around H4S47 is accompanied by protection of the DNA from MNase. Chromatin immunoprecipitation mapping of selected nucleosome remodelers indicated that asymmetric nucleosomes are bound by the RSC chromatin remodeling complex, which is required for maintaining nucleosomes at asymmetric positions. These results imply that the asymmetric nucleosome-RSC complex is a metastable intermediate representing partial unwrapping and protection of nucleosomal DNA on one side of the dyad axis during chromatin remodeling. We have analyzed the chromatin landscape of the yeast genome using paired-end MNase-seq and the chromatin binding of yeast remodelers Swr1, Ino80 and RSC at base-pair resolution using native chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (N-ChIP-seq).
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