Alopecurus myosuroides
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA116967 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Resistance to herbicides in weeds can be due to alteration(s) in the gene encoding the herbicide target site, or to herbicide degradation via a deviation in plant general metabolism. If target-site-based resistance is easy to study, the multigenic control of metabolism-based resistance renders it much more complex to study. Metabolism-based resistance to herbicides represents the major part of herbicide resistance in black-grass. Its most likely basis is an overexpression of genes encoding enzymes degrading herbicides. We thus seek to identify such overexpressed genes by comparing the transcriptomes of resistant and sensitive black-grass individuals belonging to an F2 line segregating for two resistance genes. Given there are no genomic tools developed for black-grass, this approach will use heterologous hybridisation onto a wheat Affymetrix microarray. Comparison using heterologous hybridisation onto a wheat whole-genome microarray of transcriptome of three pools of black-grass plants obtained 2h30 after herbicide spraying at field rate. The three pools correspond to: · Sensitive plants (killed by herbicide). · Moderately resistant plants (growth impaired by herbicide but plants still alive) · Resistant plants (growth unimpaired by herbicide) 6 arrays - wheat
2010-05-27 | E-GEOD-15864 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Resistance to herbicides in weeds can be due to alteration(s) in the gene encoding the herbicide target site, or to herbicide degradation via a deviation in plant general metabolism. If target-site-based resistance is easy to study, the multigenic control of metabolism-based resistance renders it much more complex to study. Metabolism-based resistance to herbicides represents the major part of herbicide resistance in black-grass. Its most likely basis is an overexpression of genes encoding enzymes degrading herbicides. We thus seek to identify such overexpressed genes by comparing the transcriptomes of resistant and sensitive black-grass individuals belonging to an F2 line segregating for two resistance genes. Given there are no genomic tools developed for black-grass, this approach will use heterologous hybridisation onto a wheat Affymetrix microarray. Comparison using heterologous hybridisation onto a wheat whole-genome microarray of transcriptome of three pools of black-grass plants obtained 2h30 after herbicide spraying at field rate. The three pools correspond to: · Sensitive plants (killed by herbicide). · Moderately resistant plants (growth impaired by herbicide but plants still alive) · Resistant plants (growth unimpaired by herbicide)
2010-05-04 | GSE15864 | GEO
Project description:Alopecurus myosuroides Genome sequencing and assembly
| PRJNA889547 | ENA
Project description:Alopecurus myosuroides seed transcriptome
| PRJNA1088480 | ENA
Project description:Identification of the mechanisms that led to two different subtypes of multiple herbicide resistance in blackgrass using RNA-Seq data.
2021-01-27 | GSE162422 | GEO
Project description:Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. is an important pinoxaden-resistant grass weed in many countries of Europe. Recently, the low efficacy of pinoxaden was reported in winter cereals in Croatia, but a preliminary dose-response trial showed no herbicide resistance for the investigated weed population. Therefore, a two-year experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions to determine the efficacy of various pinoxaden doses (20, 40 and 80 g a.i. ha-1) on weed visual injuries and biomass reduction after herbicide application at different growth stages. As expected, the maximum weed biomass reduction (97.3%) was achieved by applying the highest dose (80 g a.i. ha-1) at the earliest growth stage (ZCK 12-14). A pinoxaden dose of 20 g a.i. ha-1 resulted in satisfactory weed biomass reduction (88.9%) only when applied at ZCK 12-14. The recommended dose (40 g a.i. ha-1) also provided sufficient weed control up to the growth stage ZCK 21-25. Slightly delayed (ZCK 31-32) application of the recommended dose brought about a low weed biomass reduction (60.1%). Double than the recommended dose also failed to provide satisfactory weed control at the advanced weed growth stages (ZCK 31-32 and ZCK 37-39). Thus, reported low efficacy of pinoxaden is most likely because of delayed herbicide application when A. myosuroides is overgrown.
| S-EPMC8068821 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The distribution of Alopecurus myosuroides (black-grass) in fields is patchy. The locations of these patches can be influenced by the environment. This presents an opportunity for precision management through patch spraying. We surveyed five fields on various types of soil using a nested sampling design and recorded both A. myosuroides seedlings in autumn and seed heads in summer. We also measured soil properties at those sampling locations. We found that the patches of seed heads within a field were smaller than the seedling patches, suggesting that techniques for patch spraying based on maps of heads in the previous season could be inherently risky. We also found that the location of A. myosuroides patches within fields can be predicted through their relationship with environmental properties and that these relations are consistent across fields on different soil types. This improved understanding of the relations between soil properties and A. myosuroides seedlings could allow farmers to use pre-existing or suitably supplemented soil maps already in use for the precision application of fertilisers as a starting point in the creation of herbicide application maps.
| S-EPMC5993226 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The evolution of resistance to herbicides is a classic example of rapid contemporary adaptation in the face of a novel environmental stress. Evolutionary theory predicts that selection for resistance will be accompanied by fitness trade-offs in environments where the stress is absent. Alopecurus myosuroides, an autumn-germinating grass weed of cereal crops in North-West Europe, has evolved resistance to seven herbicide modes-of-action, making this an ideal species to examine the presence and magnitudes of such fitness costs. Here, we use two contrasting A. myosuroides phenotypes derived from a common genetic background, one with enhanced metabolism resistance to a commercial formulation of the sulfonylurea (ALS) actives mesosulfuron and iodosulfuron, and the other with susceptibility to these actives (S). Comparisons of plant establishment, growth, and reproductive potential were made under conditions of intraspecific competition, interspecific competition with wheat, and over a gradient of nitrogen deprivation. Herbicide dose response assays confirmed that the two lines had contrasting resistance phenotypes, with a 20-fold difference in resistance between them. Pleiotropic effects of resistance were observed during plant development, with R plants having a greater intraspecific competitive effect and longer tiller lengths than S plants during vegetative growth, but with S plants allocating proportionally more biomass to reproductive tissues during flowering. Direct evidence of a reproductive cost of resistance was evident in the nitrogen deprivation experiment with R plants producing 27% fewer seed heads per plant, and a corresponding 23% reduction in total seed head length. However, these direct effects of resistance on fecundity were not consistent across experiments. Our results demonstrate that a resistance phenotype based on enhanced herbicide metabolism has pleiotropic impacts on plant growth, development and resource partitioning but does not support the hypothesis that resistance is associated with a consistent reproductive fitness cost in this species. Given the continued difficulties associated with unequivocally detecting costs of herbicide resistance, we advocate future studies that adopt classical evolutionary quantitative genetics approaches to determine genetic correlations between resistance and fitness-related plant life history traits.
| S-EPMC6607922 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Non-target site resistance (NTSR) to herbicides in black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides) results in enhanced tolerance to multiple chemistries and is widespread in Northern Europe. To help define the underpinning mechanisms of resistance, global transcriptome and biochemical analysis have been used to phenotype three NTSR black-grass populations. These comprised NTSR1 black-grass from the classic Peldon field population, which shows broad-ranging resistance to post-emergence herbicides; NTSR2 derived from herbicide-sensitive (HS) plants repeatedly selected for tolerance to pendimethalin; and NTSR3 selected from HS plants for resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl. NTSR in weeds is commonly associated with enhanced herbicide metabolism catalyzed by glutathione transferases (GSTs) and cytochromes P450 (CYPs). As such, the NTSR populations were assessed for their ability to detoxify chlorotoluron, which is detoxified by CYPs and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, which is acted on by GSTs. As compared with HS plants, enhanced metabolism toward both herbicides was determined in the NTSR1 and NTSR2 populations. In contrast, the NTSR3 plants showed no increased detoxification capacity, demonstrating that resistance in this population was not due to enhanced metabolism. All resistant populations showed increased levels of AmGSTF1, a protein functionally linked to NTSR and enhanced herbicide metabolism. Enhanced AmGSTF1 was associated with increased levels of the associated transcripts in the NTSR1 and NTSR2 plants, but not in NTSR3, suggestive of both pre- and post-transcriptional regulation. The related HS, NTSR2, and NTSR3 plants were subject to global transcriptome sequencing and weighted gene co-expression network analysis to identify modules of genes with coupled regulatory functions. In the NTSR2 plants, modules linked to detoxification were identified, with many similarities to the transcriptome of NTSR1 black-grass. Critical detoxification genes included members of the CYP81A family and tau and phi class GSTs. The NTSR2 transcriptome also showed network similarities to other (a)biotic stresses of plants and multidrug resistance in humans. In contrast, completely different gene networks were activated in the NTSR3 plants, showing similarity to the responses to cold, osmotic shock and fungal infection determined in cereals. Our results demonstrate that NTSR in black-grass can arise from at least two distinct mechanisms, each involving complex changes in gene regulatory networks.
| S-EPMC7966817 | biostudies-literature