Project description:Oral mucosa has a potential to maintain immunological homeostasis since little severe inflammation happens in the continuous antigen exposure in the oral cavity. SLIT applied for the allergen-specific immune suppression is performed by repeated antigen (Rpt Ag)-painting to sublingual mucosa (SLM). Among a series of immune cells at submucosa, heterogeneous DC/MF subsets contribute to the orchestration of mucosal immune responses. Previously, We found that Rpt Ag-painting to SLM exhausted typical CD11c+ DCs and induced round-type Macrophage-like CD206hi cells. In this study, we defined three major DC/Macrophage fraction in SLM after Rpt Ag-painting by the expressions of several surface molecules. Fraction 1 (Fr-1): CD206- CD11c+ F4/80lo; Fraction 2 (Fr-2): CD206- CD11c- F4/80+ and Fraction 3 (Fr-3): CD206hi CD11clo F4/80+. Microarray analyses revealed that total of 7282 up-regulated and 7389 down-regulated genes in Fr-3 were enriched compared with Fr-2, respectively. Genes in Fr-3 preferentially expressed molecules related to homeostatic process and negative regulation of T cell activation. Furthermore, new B7 family of immune checkpoint molecules express significantly higher on Fr-3. When we checked the expressions of genes related to M2 MF, Fr-3 cells preferentially express fizz1, aldh1a1 and aldh1a2 but not Ym-1 and arginase-1 compared to in vivo induced M2-like cells. These results indicate that Fr-3 has distinct features compared with M2 like cells and may has T cell regulation potential. Functional investigation imply that CD206hi cell dominant status induces suppression of Ag-specific T cell responses. In conclusion, these results suggest that CD206hi cells from SLM involved in immune tolerogenic inducement by expressing new B7 family molecules and modulate T cell immune responses.
Project description:Macrophages reside in all organs and participate in homeostatic- and immune regulative processes. Little is known about pancreatic macrophage gene expression. CD206 is an endocytic receptor with prior use in subclassifying macrophages. In the present study, global gene expression was characterized in human pancreatic macrophage subpopulations. Flow cytometry was used to sort CD206- and CD206+ macrophages separately from pancreatic islets and exocrine tissue to high purity. RNA-seq generated transcriptomic profiles were then analyzed. Comparing CD206- with CD206+ macrophages, CD206- showed enrichment in proliferation and nucleic acid processing, glycolysis, pro-inflammatory and SPP1-associated gene sets while CD206+ showed enrichment in complement-, IL-10 and IL-2RA immune regulation, as well as scavenging-related gene sets. Two sets involved in immune regulation were enriched in islet CD206-, while various sets including some proinflammatory sets were enriched in exocrine CD206- macrophages. Fewer differences were found between CD206+ macrophages, with enrichment in two IL2-RA related gene sets in islets and eight gene sets in exocrine samples. Comparing macrophages between individuals with normoglycemia, elevated HbA1c or type 2 diabetes, only a few diverse differentially expressed genes were identified. This work characterizes global gene expression and identifies differences between CD206- and CD206+ macrophage populations within the human pancreas.
Project description:Tumor associated macrophages and T cells were characterized in a cohort of 73 ccRCC and 5 healthy donors using mass cytometry. Macrophage and T cell subsets of interest were identified and sorted directly from samples known to contain a high frequency of these subsets. CD8+ PD-1- T cells (n=6), exhausted CD8+ PD-1+ T cells (n=6), control macrophages CD14+ HLA-DR+ CD204- CD38- CD206- (n=11) and a population of TAM characterized as CD14+ HLA-DR+ CD204+ CD38+ CD206- (n=6) were isolated using FACS sorting.
Project description:To investigate the transcriptional profiles of distinct macrophage subsets residing within the inflammed RA synovium. RNA sequencing was perfomed on FACS sorted CD206+CD163+ and CD206-CD163- synovial tissue macrophages from RA synovial tissue and fluid samples.
Project description:BACKGROUND & AIMS: Intestinal mononuclear phagocytes (MNP) are phenotypically similar, but have different functions. Macrophages contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To understand this contribution it is necessary to distinguish macrophages from other MNPs, and identify functionally-different macrophage populations. We aimed to accurately identify intestinal macrophage populations, and to ascertain their functions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS: We developed 12-parameter flow cytometry protocols to identify and characterise human intestinal MNPs. We then used RNA sequencing, qPCR, and flow cytometry to analyse colonic biopsies from patients with CD, UC, or non-inflamed controls, in a cross-sectional study. RESULTS: We unambiguously differentiate macrophage populations (CD45+CD64+ HLA-DR+) from dendritic cells (CD45+CD64- HLA-DR+ CD11c;). We identify two distinct subsets within the macrophage population, differentiated by their expression of the mannose receptor, CD206. Further examination of these macrophage sub-populations showed that CD206+ macrophages expressed markers consistent with a mature macrophage phenotype: high levels of CD68 and CD163, higher transcription of IL-10 and lower expression of Trem1. On the contrary, CD64+ HLA-DR- CD206- cells appear to be semi-mature intermediaries in the development of mature intestinal macrophages from their monocyte precursors. CONCLUSIONS: We identified and purified MNP and macrophage populations from human intestinal lamina propria. Thorough characterisation reveals that human colonic macrophages appear to be derived from a monocytic precursor with high CCR2 and low CD206 expression. As these cells mature they lose their proliferative properties and acquire expression of IL-10, CD206, CD63, and CD168. Targeting the newly recruited monocyte-derived cells may represent a fruitful avenue to ameliorate chronic inflammation in IBD.
Project description:The direct and indirect effects of targeting specific tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) subsets in cancer are not well-defined. TAM targeting strategies are frequently based on the ‘M1’ or ‘M2’ polarization categories, even as substantial data challenges this binary modeling of macrophage cell state. One molecule consistently referenced as a delineator of a putative immunosuppressive ‘M2’ state is the surface protein CD206. We thus made a novel conditional CD206 (Mrc1) knock-in mouse to specifically visualize and/or deplete CD206+ TAMs and assess their correspondence with pro-tumoral immunity. Early, but not late depletion of CD206+ macrophages and monocytes (here, ‘Mono/Macs’) led to an indirect loss of a key anti-tumor network of NK cells, conventional type I dendritic cells (cDC1) and CD8 T cells. Among myeloid cells, we found that the CD206+ TAMs are the primary producers of CXCL9, and able to differentially attract activated CD8 T cells. In contrast, a population of stress-responsive TAMs (“Hypoxic” or Spp1+) and immature monocytes, which lack CD206 expression and become prominent following early depletion, expressed markedly diminished levels of CXCL9. Those NK and CD8 T cells which enter CD206-depleted tumors express vastly reduced levels of the corresponding receptor Cxcr3, the cDC1-attracting chemokine Xcl1 and cDC1 growth factor Flt3l transcripts. Consistent with the loss of this critical network, early CD206+ TAM depletion decreased tumor control by antigen specific CD8 T cells in mice. Likewise, in humans, the CD206Replete, but not the CD206Depleted Mono/Mac gene signature correlated robustly with CD8 T cell, NK cell and stimulatory cDC1 gene signatures and transcriptomic signatures skewed towards CD206Replete Mono/Macs associated with better survival. Together, these findings negate the unqualified classification of CD206+ ‘M2-like’ macrophages as immunosuppressive and provide further evidence of the context-dependence of macrophage function in tumors.
Project description:This dataset contains single-cell RNA-seq profiles generated to investigate the phenotypic plasticity of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), with a focus on freshly isolated murine CD45-, TER119-, Sca-1+, PDGFRα+ (PαS) cells. Following transplantation into irradiated recipients, a subset of PαS cells acquired macrophage-like features, expressing CD45, CD68, and CSF1R/CD115. In vitro culture of PαS cells in macrophage differentiation media induced an M2-like signature (CD45, CD68, CD206) via CSF1R-dependent pathways. The dataset includes murine MSC samples from the C57/BL6 strain. The sequencing data support the identification of macrophage-like transcriptional clusters within the PαS population.
Project description:In order to fully characterize emodin's effects on macrophage alternative activation, peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with IL4 with or without emodin and gene expression was analyzed using a whole genome microarray. Emodin significantly attenuated the IL4 induced changes in a large percentage of genes (60%) through inhibiting multiple signaling pathways. RT-qPCR was used to confirm the results in several genes associated with M2 macrophage activation including: Arg1, Chi3l3, and CD206. Three-condition, one-color experiment: Vehicle control, IL4 or IL4-Emodin treated periferal WBC PMN samples: 4 biological replicates each.