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Mammuthus primigenius

ABSTRACT: Ancient RNA expression profiles from the extinct woolly mammoth

PROVIDER: PRJNA1190340 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR31502629_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR31502629_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR31502630_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR31502630_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR31502631_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Mammuthus primigenius

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Proteomics of muscle and bone marrow samples from the 28,000-year-old remains of a woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius).

Project description:The 28,000-year-old remains of a woolly mammoth, named ‘Yuka’, were found in Siberian permafrost. We performed proteomic analyses of muscle and bone marrow samples obtained from the remains to gain information about the repertoire and modifications of proteins.

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Three-dimensional genome architecture persists in a 52,000-year-old woolly mammoth skin sample

Project description:Analyses of ancient DNA typically involve sequencing the surviving short oligonucleotides, and aligning to genome assemblies from related, modern species. Here, we report that skin from a female woolly mammoth (†Mammuthus primigenius) which died 52,000 years ago retained its ancient genome architecture. We use PaleoHi-C to map chromatin contacts and assemble its genome, yielding twenty-eight chromosome-length scaffolds. Chromosome territories, compartments, loops, Barr bodies, and inactive-X chromosome (Xi) superdomains persist. The active and inactive genome compartments in mammoth skin more closely resemble Asian elephant skin than other elephant tissues. Our analyses uncover new biology. Differences in compartmentalization reveal genes whose transcription was potentially altered in mammoths vs. elephants. Mammoth Xi has a tetradic architecture, not bipartite like human and mouse. We hypothesize that, shortly after this mammoth’s death, the sample spontaneously freeze-dried in the Siberian cold, leading to a glass transition that preserved subfossils of ancient chromosomes at nanometer scale.

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Project description:Phylogenetic relationships between the extinct woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius), and the Asian (Elephas maximus) and African savanna (Loxodonta africana) elephants remain unresolved. Here, we report the sequence of the complete mitochondrial genome (16,842 base pairs) of a woolly mammoth extracted from permafrost-preserved remains from the Pleistocene epoch--the oldest mitochondrial genome sequence determined to date. We demonstrate that well-preserved mitochondrial genome fragments, as long as approximately 1,600-1700 base pairs, can be retrieved from pre-Holocene remains of an extinct species. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the Elephantinae clade suggests that M. primigenius and E. maximus are sister species that diverged soon after their common ancestor split from the L. africana lineage. Low nucleotide diversity found between independently determined mitochondrial genomic sequences of woolly mammoths separated geographically and in time suggests that north-eastern Siberia was occupied by a relatively homogeneous population of M. primigenius throughout the late Pleistocene.

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