Linear motif specificity in signaling through p38α and ERK2 mitogen–activated protein kinases
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PROVIDER: PRJNA1208945 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are essential for eukaryotic cells to integrate and respond to diverse stimuli. Maintaining specificity in signaling through MAPK networks is key to coupling distinct inputs to appropriate cellular responses. Docking sites—short linear motifs found in MAPK substrates, regulators, and scaffolds—can promote signaling specificity through selective interactions, but how they do so remains unresolved. Here, we screened a proteomic library for sequences interacting with the MAPKs extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) and p38α, identifying selective and promiscuous docking motifs. Sequences specific for p38α had high net charge and lysine content, and selective binding depended on a pair of acidic residues unique to the p38α docking interface. Finally, we validated a set of full-length proteins harboring docking sites selected in our screens to be authentic MAPK interactors and substrates. This study identifies features that help define MAPK signaling networks and explains how specific docking motifs promote signaling integrity.
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Project description:The stress-activated p38 mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) mediate responses to osmotic shock, radiation, immune stimuli, inflammatory cues, and many other stresses. These kinases are activated rapidly, within seconds of stress induction, yet, their continuous activation, as commonly happens in inflammations and cancer, induce different signaling cascades than transient activation. This study aimed to follow the specific signaling cascades induced by two of these p38 MAPKs activated by strong and rapid stress, or by continuous (chronic) activations. The analysis was based on large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics analyses using SILAC labeling of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) deficient in each of these p38 kinases, expressing constitutively expressed wildtype p38α or p38β, or their intrinsically active variants. In addition, the effects of anisomycin, inducing strong and rapid stress response, were followed in wildtype MEF or in MEF knocked-out for these p38α or p38β. The signaling events, induced the each p38 during the chronic responses, indicated adaptations of the cells expressing the intrinsically active p38 mutants. The continuous activities of the individual p38 induced feedback loops that inactivated the other p38s. Furthermore, a number of new phosphorylation sites on proteins relevant to stress responses and cancer, such as p53 and p27, were revealed in this study.
2023-10-24 | PXD038389 | Pride
Project description:There is considerable evidence that inhibition of p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase diminishes cardiac damage during myocardial ischemia. During myocardial ischemia p38α interacts with TAB1, a scaffold protein, which promotes p38α autoactivation; active p38α (pp38α) then trans-phosphorylates TAB1. Previously, we solved the X-ray structure of the p38α-TAB1(384-412) complex. Here we further characterize the interaction by resolving the structure of the pp38α-TAB1(1-438) complex in the active state. Based on this information we created a global knock-in mouse with substitution of four residues on TAB1 (V390A, Y392A, V408G, M409A) we show are required for docking onto p38α. Whereas ablating p38α or TAB1 results in early embryonal lethality, the TAB1 KI mice are viable, develop normally and have no appreciable alteration in their lymphocyte repertoire or myocardial transcriptional profile. Nonetheless, following in vivo regional myocardial ischemia, infarction volume is significantly reduced and the trans- phosphorylation of TAB1 is disabled. Unexpectedly, the activation of myocardial p38α during ischemia is only mildly attenuated in TAB1 KI hearts, an effect most likely due to the removal of the steric hindrance to MAP2K3 binding. We conclude that it is the phosphorylation of TAB1 by pp38α during ischemia that is associated with cardiac damage. The data reveal that it is possible to selectively inhibit signalling downstream of p38α to attenuate ischemic injury. Our findings validate the p38α-TAB1 complex as a therapeutic target that may circumvent the toxicity associated with ATP-competitive inhibitors of p38α.
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Project description:Essential functions of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) depend on their capacity to selectively phosphorylate a limited repertoire of substrates. MAPKs harbor a conserved groove located outside of the catalytic cleft that binds to short linear sequence motifs found in substrates and regulators. However, the weak and transient nature of these “docking” interactions poses a challenge to defining MAPK interactomes and associated sequence motifs. Here, we describe a yeast-based genetic screening pipeline to evaluate large collections of MAPK docking sequences in parallel. Using this platform we analyzed a combinatorial library based on the docking sequences from the MAPK kinases MKK6 and MKK7, defining features critical for binding to the stress-activated MAPKs JNK1 and p38α. We subsequently screened a library consisting of ~12,000 sequences from the human proteome, revealing a large number of MAPK-selective interactors, including many not conforming to previously defined docking motifs. Analysis of p38α/JNK1 exchange mutants identified specific docking groove residues mediating selective binding. Finally, we verified that docking sequences identified in the screen could function in substrate recruitment in vitro and in cultured cells. Collectively, these studies establish an approach for characterization of MAPK docking sequences and provide a resource for future investigation of signaling downstream of p38 and JNK MAP kinases.
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Project description:We assessed the effect of RNAi-mediated MAP kinase cascade signaling blockade in primary human keratinocytes. Two sets of siRNA targeting different regions of the Erk1/2 genes were used, enabling identification of off-target siRNA effects. Primary human keratinocytes were electroporated with scrambled control siRNA, a pair of siRNA oligomers against Erk1 and Erk2 (set A), or an independent pair of siRNA oligomers against Erk1 and Erk2 (set B). Four days after electroporation, RNA was harvested. Three biological replicates were performed for each of the three siRNA groups.
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Project description:The P38α modulates proliferation, survival and differentiation of different kinds of celll. Here, we demonstrate that loss of P38α accelerates recovery from anemia in mice by promoting survival of erythroblasts. To identify gene expression changes in P38α+/- versus P38α-/- erythroblasts, we sorted erythroblasts from P38α+/- and P38α-/- mice during recovery from anemia and performed microarray analysis.
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Project description:The nuclear hormone receptor, estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα), and MAP kinases both play key roles in hormone-dependent cancers, yet their interplay and the integration of their signaling inputs remain poorly understood. In these studies, we document that estrogen-occupied ERα activates and interacts with ERK2, a downstream effector in the MAPK pathway, resulting in ERK2 and ERα colocalization at chromatin binding sites across the genome of breast cancer cells. KEYWORDS: siRNA knock-down, ligand treatment
2011-01-10 | GSE24592 | GEO
Project description:The nuclear hormone receptor, estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα), and MAP kinases both play key roles in hormone-dependent cancers, yet their interplay and the integration of their signaling inputs remain poorly understood. In these studies, we document that estrogen-occupied ERα activates and interacts with ERK2, a downstream effector in the MAPK pathway, resulting in ERK2 and ERα colocalization at chromatin binding sites across the genome of breast cancer cells. KEYWORDS: siRNA knock-down, ligand treatment MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells were tranfected with control, ERK1 and ERK2 siRNA for 60 hours and treated with 0.1% EtOH (Vehicle) or 10 nM E2 for 4 hours or 24 hours, and cDNA microarray analyses were carried out using Affymetrix [HG-U133A_2] Affymetrix Human Genome U133A 2.0 Array.
2011-01-10 | E-GEOD-24592 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:ERK1 and ERK2 MAPKs are intensively studied signaling proteins that are involved in numerous cellular processes and signaling networks. However, their specific functions in embryonic development remain elusive. The upstream activation pathways for ERK1 and ERK2 are considered to be highly similar, and also many of their downstream targets are considered as common, but still relatively few in vivo downstream targets of these kinases have been identified conclusively. Recent mice studies indicate distinct roles for both ERKs in cellular proliferation, oncogenic transformation and development. <br><br>Microarray experiments were performed to compare morpholino mediated knockdown of ERK1 versus ERK2 in zebrafish development. These two conditions were compared to a standard control morpholino condition. To exclude possible effects of the control morpholino at a transcriptional level, we also performed the transciptome-analysis of the control morpholino, to an injection control (injection with phenol red).
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