Targeting Dual-specificity Phosphatase 23 to Overcome Chemoresistance and Stem Cell-like Behavior in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells
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PROVIDER: PRJNA1215748 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Chemoresistance poses a significant challenge in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), often leading to poor outcomes. This resistance is closely linked to cancer stem cell (CSC)-like characteristics, including the ability to evade anoikis. In this study, we identified dual-specificity phosphatase 23 (DUSP23) as a key molecule involved in regulating CSC traits and chemoresistance. DUSP23 expression was significantly elevated in cell clusters grown under ultra-low adhesion (ULA) conditions that mimic CSC-promoting environments. Silencing DUSP23 reduced the formation of these clusters, suppressed the expression of the stemness markers SOX2, and enhanced anoikis sensitivity. Additionally, in cisplatin-resistant NSCLC cells, knockdown of DUSP23 decreased invasive behavior and induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that DUSP23 plays a pivotal role in maintaining CSC-like properties and chemoresistance by regulating SOX2. Targeting DUSP23 could offer a novel approach to overcome treatment resistance and improve outcomes for patients with NSCLC.
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Project description:Glial cells missing homolog 1 (GCM1) is a transcription factor essential for placental development. GCM1 promotes syncytiotrophoblast formation and placental vasculogenesis by activating fusogenic and proangiogenic gene expression in placenta. GCM1 activity is regulated by multiple post-translational modifications. The cAMP/PKA-signaling pathway promotes CBP-mediated GCM1 acetylation and stabilizes GCM1, whereas hypoxia-induced GSK-3?-mediated phosphorylation of Ser322 causes GCM1 ubiquitination and degradation. How and whether complex modifications of GCM1 are coordinated is not known. Here we show that the interaction of GCM1 and dual-specificity phosphatase 23 (DUSP23) is enhanced by PKA-dependent phosphorylation of GCM1 on Ser269 and Ser275. The recruitment of DUSP23 reverses GSK-3?-mediated Ser322 phosphorylation, which in turn promotes GCM1 acetylation, stabilization and activation. Supporting a central role in coordinating GCM1 modifications, knockdown of DUSP23 suppressed GCM1 target gene expression and placental cell fusion. Our study identifies DUSP23 as a novel factor that promotes placental cell fusion and reveals a complex regulation of GCM1 activity by coordinated phosphorylation, dephosphorylation and acetylation.
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Project description:Elucidating the pathogenesis of chemoresistance is fundamental for developing more effective interventions that will improve the clinical outcome of neoplastic diseases such as ovarian cancer. Here, we report the upregulation of PBX1, a stem cell reprogramming factor, in recurrent ovarian carcinomas. Moreover, high levels of PBX1 expression are correlated with a shorter survival rate among post-chemotherapy ovarian cancer patients. Ectopic expression of PBX1 promotes cancer stem cell-like phenotypes, including increased side population and ALDH activity, enhanced tumorigenicity at a low cell density, and increased resistance to platinum-based therapy. Silencing PBX1 in platinum-resistant cell lines that overexpress PBX1 sensitizes cells to platinum treatment and reduces their â??stemnessâ??. Analysis of previously reported genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation data shows that PBX1 binds directly to promoters of genes involved in stem cell maintenance and tissue injury response. We confirmed direct regulation of STAT3 by PBX1, and demonstrated that the PBX1 binding motif located on the STAT3 promoter participates in positive transcriptional regulation of STAT3. Furthermore, a STAT3/JAK2 inhibitor potently sensitizes platinum-resistant cells to carboplatin and suppresses their growth in vivo. These findings establish PBX1 as an upstream regulator of key pathways in stem cell and tissue damage response and highlight the potential of targeting the PBX1/STAT3 axis to overcome chemoresistance in human cancers. Determine gene expression changes after knockdown of PBX1 protein in an ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR3)
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Project description:Mitogen-activated protein kinases are inactivated by dual specificity phosphatases (DUSPs), whose activities are tightly regulated during cell differentiation. Using knockdown screening and single-cell transcriptional analysis, we determined that DUSP4 is the phosphatase that specifically inactivates p38 kinase for the promotion of megakaryocyte (Mk) differentiation. Mechanistically, PRMT1-mediated methylation of DUSP4 triggers its ubiquitinylation by an E3 ligase HUWE1. Interestingly, the mechanistic axis of the DUSP4 degradation and p38 activation is also associated with a transcriptional signature of immune activation in Mk cells. In the context of thrombocytopenia observed in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), we demonstrated that high levels of p38 MAPK and PRMT1 are associated with low platelet counts and adverse prognosis, while pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK or PRMT1 stimulates megakaryopoiesis. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the role of the PRMT1-DUSP4-p38 axis on Mk differentiation and present a targeting strategy for treatment of thrombocytopenia associated with MDS.
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Project description:Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most lethal type of lung cancer, characterized by limited treatment options and rapid evolution from chemosensitivity to chemoresistance. However, the mechanisms underlying this evolution remain poorly understood. Identifying the druggable drivers and developing pharmacological strategies to overcome chemoresistance are imperative. Here, we show that Retinoid X receptor γ (RXRγ) is uniquely overexpressed in chemo-resistant SCLC tumors, and that RXRγ serves as an essential factor driving chemoresistance in SCLC. RXRγ forms phase-separated droplets with LSD1 in the nucleus, which enhances RXRγ-mediated gene transcription activity and reprograms gene expression, promoting tumor stemness and metastasis, and eventually driving SCLC chemoresistance. In turn, RXRγ antagonist disrupts RXRγ-LSD1 interaction, reducing their binding to the target gene locus, markedly suppressing the expression of the RXRγ target gene network. Finally, RXRγ antagonists strongly suppress tumor growth and metastasis and restore SCLC vulnerability to chemotherapy in multiple preclinical SCLC models, without overt toxicity, in mice. Thus, these results establish RXRγ as a key player in SCLC by phase separation and as a potential therapeutic target for this deadly disease.
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Project description:Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most lethal type of lung cancer, characterized by limited treatment options and rapid evolution from chemosensitivity to chemoresistance. However, the mechanisms underlying this evolution remain poorly understood. Identifying the druggable drivers and developing pharmacological strategies to overcome chemoresistance are imperative. Here, we show that Retinoid X receptor γ (RXRγ) is uniquely overexpressed in chemo-resistant SCLC tumors, and that RXRγ serves as an essential factor driving chemoresistance in SCLC. RXRγ forms phase-separated droplets with LSD1 in the nucleus, which enhances RXRγ-mediated gene transcription activity and reprograms gene expression, promoting tumor stemness and metastasis, and eventually driving SCLC chemoresistance. In turn, RXRγ antagonist disrupts RXRγ-LSD1 interaction, reducing their binding to the target gene locus, markedly suppressing the expression of the RXRγ target gene network. Finally, RXRγ antagonists strongly suppress tumor growth and metastasis and restore SCLC vulnerability to chemotherapy in multiple preclinical SCLC models, without overt toxicity, in mice. Thus, these results establish RXRγ as a key player in SCLC by phase separation and as a potential therapeutic target for this deadly disease.
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