Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series: GSE18261: Expression analysis on Mll1+/+ and Mll1-/- MEFs GSE18262: ChIP-chip with antibodies for histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation and histone 3 in Mll1+/+ and Mll1-/- MEFs GSE18263: ChIP-chip with antibodies for histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation in Mll3+/+ and Mll3-/- MEFs and Ptip+/+ and Ptip-/- MEFs GSE18264: ChIP-chip with antibodies for histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation, histone 3, and PolII in Mll1+/+ and Mll1-/- MEFs Refer to individual Series
Project description:MLL3 and MLL4 are the mjor histone lysine methyltransferases for the active enhance mark H3K4me1. We observed that platelet counts are dramatically decreased in the MLL3/4 SET-deletion mice. Cultured megakaryocytes from MLL3/4 SET-deletion fetal liver were used for RNA-seq analysis to investigate the changes in gene expression. We also performed CUT&RUN analysis to examine the changes in enhncers that may regulate those gene expression. We included PTIP in this study, because it is an important co-factor of the MLL3/4 complex, and knockout of PTIP also leads to decreased platelet production.
Project description:MLL3 and MLL4 are the mjor histone lysine methyltransferases for the active enhance mark H3K4me1. We observed that platelet counts are dramatically decreased in the MLL3/4 SET-deletion mice. Cultured megakaryocytes from MLL3/4 SET-deletion fetal liver were used for RNA-seq analysis to investigate the changes in gene expression. We also performed CUT&RUN analysis to examine the changes in enhncers that may regulate those gene expression. We included PTIP in this study, because it is an important co-factor of the MLL3/4 complex, and knockout of PTIP also leads to decreased platelet production.
Project description:Class-switch recombination (CSR) diversifies antibodies for productive immune responses while maintaining stability of the B cell genome. Transcription at the immunoglobulin heavy-chain (Igh) locus targets CSRassociated DNA damage and is promoted by the BRCT domain-containing PTIP protein. Although PTIP is a unique component of the MLL3/MLL4 chromatin-modifying complex, the mechanisms for how PTIP promotes transcription remain unclear. Here we dissect the minimal structural requirements of PTIP and its different protein complexes using quantitative proteomics in primary lymphocytes. We find that PTIP functions in transcription and CSR separately from its association with the MLL3/MLL4 complex and from its localization to sites of DNA damage. We identify a tandem BRCT domain of PTIP that is sufficient for CSR and identify PA1 as its main functional protein partner. Collectively, we provide genetic and biochemical evidence that a PTIP-PA1 subcomplex functions independently from the MLL3/MLL4 complex to mediate transcription during CSR. These results further our understanding of how multi-functional chromatin-modifying complexes are organized by subcomplexes that harbor unique and distinct activities. Genome-wide analysis of histone modifications in PA1-WT and -KO mouse activated B cells
Project description:PPARg and C/EBPa cooperate to control preadipocyte differentiation (adipogenesis). However, the factors that regulate PPARg and C/EBPa expression during adipogenesis remain largely unclear. Here we show PTIP, a protein that associates with histone H3K4 methyltransferases, regulates PPARg and C/EBPa expression in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and during preadipocyte differentiation. PTIP deletion in MEFs leads to marked decreases of PPARg expression and PPARg-stimulated C/EBPα expression. Further, PTIP is essential for induction of PPARg and C/EBPa expression during preadipocyte differentiation. Deletion of PTIP impairs the enrichment of H3K4 trimethylation and RNA polymerase II on PPARg and C/EBPa promoters. Accordingly, PTIP-/- MEFs and preadipocytes all show striking defects in adipogenesis. Furthermore, rescue of the adipogenesis defect in PTIP-/- MEFs requires co-expression of PPARg and C/EBPa. Finally, deletion of PTIP in brown adipose tissue significantly reduces tissue weight in mice. Thus, by regulating PPARg and C/EBPa expression, PTIP plays a critical role in adipogenesis.
Project description:PPARg and C/EBPa cooperate to control preadipocyte differentiation (adipogenesis). However, the factors that regulate PPARg and C/EBPa expression during adipogenesis remain largely unclear. Here we show PTIP, a protein that associates with histone H3K4 methyltransferases, regulates PPARg and C/EBPa expression in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and during preadipocyte differentiation. PTIP deletion in MEFs leads to marked decreases of PPARg expression and PPARg-stimulated C/EBPα expression. Further, PTIP is essential for induction of PPARg and C/EBPa expression during preadipocyte differentiation. Deletion of PTIP impairs the enrichment of H3K4 trimethylation and RNA polymerase II on PPARg and C/EBPa promoters. Accordingly, PTIP-/- MEFs and preadipocytes all show striking defects in adipogenesis. Furthermore, rescue of the adipogenesis defect in PTIP-/- MEFs requires co-expression of PPARg and C/EBPa. Finally, deletion of PTIP in brown adipose tissue significantly reduces tissue weight in mice. Thus, by regulating PPARg and C/EBPa expression, PTIP plays a critical role in adipogenesis. To identify PTIP-regulated genes, immortalized PTIP conditional knockout PTIPflox/flox MEFs were infected with retroviruses expressing either Cre recombinase or vector alone. We prepared duplicated RNAs from either vector or Cre infected cells (PTIP+/+ or PTIP-/-) for 4 affymetrix microarrays.
Project description:Class-switch recombination (CSR) diversifies antibodies for productive immune responses while maintaining stability of the B cell genome. Transcription at the immunoglobulin heavy-chain (Igh) locus targets CSRassociated DNA damage and is promoted by the BRCT domain-containing PTIP protein. Although PTIP is a unique component of the MLL3/MLL4 chromatin-modifying complex, the mechanisms for how PTIP promotes transcription remain unclear. Here we dissect the minimal structural requirements of PTIP and its different protein complexes using quantitative proteomics in primary lymphocytes. We find that PTIP functions in transcription and CSR separately from its association with the MLL3/MLL4 complex and from its localization to sites of DNA damage. We identify a tandem BRCT domain of PTIP that is sufficient for CSR and identify PA1 as its main functional protein partner. Collectively, we provide genetic and biochemical evidence that a PTIP-PA1 subcomplex functions independently from the MLL3/MLL4 complex to mediate transcription during CSR. These results further our understanding of how multi-functional chromatin-modifying complexes are organized by subcomplexes that harbor unique and distinct activities.
Project description:Programmed genetic rearrangements in lymphocytes require transcription at antigen receptor genes to promote accessibility for initiating double-strand break (DSB) formation critical for DNA recombination and repair. Here we show that activated B cells deficient in the PTIP component of the MLL3 (mixed-lineage leukemia 3) /MLL4 complex display impaired histone methylation (H3K4me3) and transcription initiation of downstream switch regions at the immunoglobulin heavy-chain (Igh) locus leading to defective immunoglobulin class-switching. We also show that PTIP accumulation at DSBs contributes to class-switch recombination (CSR) and genome stability independently from Igh switch transcription. These results demonstrate that PTIP promotes specific chromatin changes that control the accessibility of the Igh locus to CSR, and suggest a non-redundant role for the MLL3/MLL4 complex in altering antibody effector function. Genome-wide analysis of histone modifications, PTIP, and Pol II in PTIP-WT and PTIP-KO mouse activated B cells.