Project description:Colletotrichum coccodes secretes ammonium during germination and colonization of host tissue as a mechanism for dual activation of fungal pathogenicity factors and plant cell death via activation of host NADPH oxidase. Ammonium accumulation during colonization of tomato fruits by C. coccodes induced host nucleus integrity changes and program cell death (PCD). Transcriptome analysis at the leading edge of colonized tissue and ammonium treated tomato fruits revealed 82 and 237 common up-regulated and common down-regulated genes, respectively. The common-up-regulated genes showed over representation of pathogen related (PR) proteins, salicylic acid (SA) dependent and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) related genes and genes related to biotic stress. The down regulated genes showed over representation of Jasmonic acid (JA) dependent genes. Consistent with this observation the direct application of SA enhanced C. coccodes colonization, whereas the application of JA delayed colonization. Candidate genes were selected for QRT-PCR analysis of transcripts in normal and transgenic RBOH antisense plants and showed dependence on RBOH regulation. In all, the results suggest that ammonia accumulation during C. coccodes colonization activates SA and suppress JA pathways through activation of RBOH. The effects of ammonium on the expression of the selected up-and down regulated genes were examined in fruit of different maturation stages. Red, susceptible and green resistant, tomato fruit displayed similar behavior, suggesting that resistance of green fruits to C. coccodes colonization is not modulated by the JA and SA pathways but depends on other factors Ten micrograms of total RNA was processed for the microarray hybridizations using the Affymetrix GeneChip one-cycle target-labeling kit (Affymetrix). The four treatments were: C. coccodes "mat inoculation" compared to a wound control (24 hours after the tomato fruit peel was removed). 5 mM Ammonium treatment in PBS compared to PBS treatments as a control for ammonium treatment, the treatments applied every four hours. Each treatment had a duplicate. The biotinylated complementary RNA was fragmented and hybridized to the GeneChip Tomato Genome Array (10,038 tomato probe sets for more than 9,200 tomato genes). The arrays were washed, stained, and scanned at the biological services (Weizmann institute of science, Rehovot, Israel). CEL files for the Affymetrix microarray data arising from the microarray experiments were analyzed utilizing the Partek genomics software (Downey, 2006).
Project description:Colletotrichum coccodes secretes ammonium during germination and colonization of host tissue as a mechanism for dual activation of fungal pathogenicity factors and plant cell death via activation of host NADPH oxidase. Ammonium accumulation during colonization of tomato fruits by C. coccodes induced host nucleus integrity changes and program cell death (PCD). Transcriptome analysis at the leading edge of colonized tissue and ammonium treated tomato fruits revealed 82 and 237 common up-regulated and common down-regulated genes, respectively. The common-up-regulated genes showed over representation of pathogen related (PR) proteins, salicylic acid (SA) dependent and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) related genes and genes related to biotic stress. The down regulated genes showed over representation of Jasmonic acid (JA) dependent genes. Consistent with this observation the direct application of SA enhanced C. coccodes colonization, whereas the application of JA delayed colonization. Candidate genes were selected for QRT-PCR analysis of transcripts in normal and transgenic RBOH antisense plants and showed dependence on RBOH regulation. In all, the results suggest that ammonia accumulation during C. coccodes colonization activates SA and suppress JA pathways through activation of RBOH. The effects of ammonium on the expression of the selected up-and down regulated genes were examined in fruit of different maturation stages. Red, susceptible and green resistant, tomato fruit displayed similar behavior, suggesting that resistance of green fruits to C. coccodes colonization is not modulated by the JA and SA pathways but depends on other factors
Project description:In the present study, we demonstrated that application of CaCl2 to ‘Micro Tom’ tomato fruit (mature green stage) delayed fruit senescence and mature.
Project description:In this study, we explored the metabolome and transcriptome of the ripe fruit in nine landrace accessions representing the seven genetic groups and compared them to the mature fruit of the wild progenitor S. pimpinellifolium. The goal is to shed light in understanding the factors responsible for acquiring tomato fruit quality (taste and flavour) at molecular level during the domestication process.
Project description:We sequenced mRNA from immature green (15 days after anthesis) and red (Breaker+10 days) tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit tissues from plants over-expressing SlGLK1 and SlGLK2 and from control plants 'M82' to compare gene expression levels between transgenic fruit and the control. Note: Samples in SRA were assigned the same sample accession. This is incorrect as there are different samples, hence “Source Name” was replaced with new values. Comment[ENA_SAMPLE] contains the original SRA sample accessions.
Project description:This work aims to study the effect of the elevated CO2 concentration on the tomato plant response to the toxicity provoked by ammonium nutrition. Tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Agora Hybrid F1, Vilmorin®) were grown for 4 week with 15 mM of nitrogen, supplied as nitrate or ammonium, at ambient or elevated CO2 conditions (400 ppm or 800 ppm). Transcription profiling by array was carried out in roots for the four growth conditions assayed and gene expression comparisons were done between N sources and CO2 conditions: i) genes differentially expressed in response to the atmospheric CO2 concentration (800 ppm vs 400 ppm CO2) under nitrate or ammonium nutrition; ii) genes differentially expressed in response to the N source (ammonium vs nitrate) under ambient or elevated condition. 3 biological replicates for each growth condition were analysed.CO2).