Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series: GSE27459: Human cerebral cortex DNA methylation by MeDIP-Chip GSE27460: Rhesus macaque cerebral cortex DNA methylation profiling by MeDIP-Chip Refer to individual Series
Project description:This experiment contains the subset of data corresponding to rhesus macaque RNA-Seq data from experiment E-GEOD-30352 (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/experiments/E-GEOD-30352/), which goal is to understand the dynamics of mammalian transcriptome evolution. To study mammalian transcriptome evolution at high resolution, we generated RNA-Seq data (∼3.2 billion Illumina Genome Analyser IIx reads of 76 base pairs) for the polyadenylated RNA fraction of brain (cerebral cortex or whole brain without cerebellum), cerebellum, heart, kidney, liver and testis (usually from one male and one female per somatic tissue and two males for testis) from nine mammalian species: placental mammals (great apes, including humans; rhesus macaque; mouse), marsupials (gray short-tailed opossum) and monotremes (platypus). Corresponding data (∼0.3 billion reads) were generated for a bird (red jungle fowl, a non-domesticated chicken) and used as an evolutionary outgroup.
Project description:The purpose of the experiment was to compare placental transcriptome of rhesus macaque at approximately 80% completed gestation to human placental transcriptomes.
Project description:Comparing genetic differences between human and nonhuman primates is a fundamental method to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying the improved human cognitive ability during evolution. Besides DNA sequence divergences, gene regulation differences between human and nonhuman primates have been shown to be more prominent. DNA methylation is an important type of epigenetic modification that plays critical roles in gene regulations. Trans-generational inheritances of DNA methylation in mammals are widely accepted, suggesting the evolutionary role of DNA methylation. To test if DNA methylation has contributed to the evolution of human brain, with the use of MeDIP-Chip and SEQUENOM MassARRAY, we conducted a systematic analysis to identify the differentially methylated DNA regions (DMRs) between human and rhesus macaque in the cerebral cortex. We first identified a total of 150 candidate DMRs by the MeDIP-Chip method, among which 6 DMRs were confirmed by the SEQUENOM MassARRAY method. And 4 of them were further confirmed using independent samples, while the other 2 were failed to test due to technical difficulties. All the 6 DMRs were in CpG islands or close to CpG islands, and a MIR3 repeat element was located in one DMR, but no repeats was found in the other 5 DMRs. For the 6 DMR genes, most have neural related functions, and their proteins tend to be conserved. Additionally, we found the DNA sequence changes at CpG sites contributed to the species-specific DNA methylation. Our study shed light on the researches of trans-generational epigenetic inheritance and the roles of DNA methylation in evolution, especially human evolution. Compare the DNA methylation levels between human and rhesus macaque
Project description:Comparing genetic differences between human and nonhuman primates is a fundamental method to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying the improved human cognitive ability during evolution. Besides DNA sequence divergences, gene regulation differences between human and nonhuman primates have been shown to be more prominent. DNA methylation is an important type of epigenetic modification that plays critical roles in gene regulations. Trans-generational inheritances of DNA methylation in mammals are widely accepted, suggesting the evolutionary role of DNA methylation. To test if DNA methylation has contributed to the evolution of human brain, with the use of MeDIP-Chip and SEQUENOM MassARRAY, we conducted a systematic analysis to identify the differentially methylated DNA regions (DMRs) between human and rhesus macaque in the cerebral cortex. We first identified a total of 150 candidate DMRs by the MeDIP-Chip method, among which 6 DMRs were confirmed by the SEQUENOM MassARRAY method. And 4 of them were further confirmed using independent samples, while the other 2 were failed to test due to technical difficulties. All the 6 DMRs were in CpG islands or close to CpG islands, and a MIR3 repeat element was located in one DMR, but no repeats was found in the other 5 DMRs. For the 6 DMR genes, most have neural related functions, and their proteins tend to be conserved. Additionally, we found the DNA sequence changes at CpG sites contributed to the species-specific DNA methylation. Our study shed light on the researches of trans-generational epigenetic inheritance and the roles of DNA methylation in evolution, especially human evolution. Compare the DNA methylation levels between human and rhesus macaque
Project description:DNA methylation data from rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) profiled on the mammalian methylation array (HorvathMammalMethylChip40) which focuses on highly conserved CpGs across mammalian species. We profiled n = 283 tissue samples (blood, skin, adipose, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, and cerebral cortex)