Project description:NeuroD1 encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor involved in the development of neural and endocrine structures. NeuroD1 mRNA is highly abundant in the adult mammalian pineal gland and exhibits a developmental expression pattern similar to the retina. This is consistent with the common evolutionary origin of pinealocytes and retinal photoreceptors. Pinealocytes and retinal photoreceptors express a shared set of phototransduction genes and submammalian pinealocytes are photosensitive. In contrast to the retina, the pineal gland is a relatively homogeneous structure, composed 95% of pinealocytes. This makes the pineal gland a particularly useful model for understanding photoreceptor cell biology. The loss of NeuroD1 in the retina results in progressive photoreceptor degeneration and the molecular mechanisms underlying this retinal degeneration phenotype remain unknown. Similarly, the role that NeuroD1 plays in the pineal gland is unknown. To determine the function of NeuroD1 in the pineal gland and retina, a Cre/loxP recombination strategy was used to selectively target a NeuroD1 floxed allele and generate NeuroD1 conditional knockout (cKO) mice. Tissue specificity was conferred using Cre recombinase expressed under the control of the promoter of Crx, a transcription factor selectively expressed in the pineal gland and retina. Pineal and retinal tissues from two-month-old NeuroD1 cKO and control animals were used in microarray studies to identify candidate genes responsible for the photoreceptor degeneration phenotype. The Cre/loxP recombination strategy was used to target a NeuroD1 floxed allele and generate NeuroD1 conditional knockout mice (NeuroD1floxed::Crx-Cre+/-). NeuroD1 floxed mice (NeuroD1floxed::Crx-Cre-/-) served as the controls. Pineal glands and retinas from two-month-old control and conditional knockout mice were collected at ZT6 and ZT20. 3 pools of 6 pineal glands per genotype and respective time of day were collected for each sample. Similarly, 3 pools of 6 retinas each were also collected. RNA from each pool was extracted and hybridized on the Affymetrix Mouse 430 2.0 array.
Project description:NeuroD1 encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor involved in the development of neural and endocrine structures. NeuroD1 mRNA is highly abundant in the adult mammalian pineal gland and exhibits a developmental expression pattern similar to the retina. This is consistent with the common evolutionary origin of pinealocytes and retinal photoreceptors. Pinealocytes and retinal photoreceptors express a shared set of phototransduction genes and submammalian pinealocytes are photosensitive. In contrast to the retina, the pineal gland is a relatively homogeneous structure, composed 95% of pinealocytes. This makes the pineal gland a particularly useful model for understanding photoreceptor cell biology. The loss of NeuroD1 in the retina results in progressive photoreceptor degeneration and the molecular mechanisms underlying this retinal degeneration phenotype remain unknown. Similarly, the role that NeuroD1 plays in the pineal gland is unknown. To determine the function of NeuroD1 in the pineal gland and retina, a Cre/loxP recombination strategy was used to selectively target a NeuroD1 floxed allele and generate NeuroD1 conditional knockout (cKO) mice. Tissue specificity was conferred using Cre recombinase expressed under the control of the promoter of Crx, a transcription factor selectively expressed in the pineal gland and retina. Pineal and retinal tissues from two-month-old NeuroD1 cKO and control animals were used in microarray studies to identify candidate genes responsible for the photoreceptor degeneration phenotype.
Project description:This study determines pineal gland gene expression levels in the NeuroD1 knockout mouse at postnatal day zero. Comparison was performed against pineal gland gene expression levels in 129 wildtype mice also disected at P0. Keywords: Comparison of wildtype versus transgenic pineal gland gene expression
Project description:This study determines pineal gland gene expression levels in the NeuroD1 knockout mouse at postnatal day zero. Comparison was performed against pineal gland gene expression levels in 129 wildtype mice also disected at P0. Experiment Overall Design: Wildype 129 mice served as the reference in comparing the levels of gene expression in the NeuroD1 transgenic animals. Experiment Overall Design: 3 pineal glands were disected at P0 during the daytime and pooled for each sample. Experiment Overall Design: 3 separate biological samplings were performed. Experiment Overall Design: Triplicate arrays were run for wildtype and the homozygous animals.
Project description:The rat pineal transcriptome is highly dynamic, with many hundreds of transcripts changing more than two-fold on a 24-hr basis, as revealed earlier using Affymetrix GeneChip analysis. The retina is evolutionally related to the pineal gland so these two tissues share many gene expression patterns. This study more completely characterizes the temporally dynamic transcriptomes of these tissues using RNA-Seq to capture information regarding alternative splicing, novel exons, unannotated mRNAs, non-coding RNAs, and coding transcripts not represented on the Affymetrix chips. We also identified transcripts that were selectively expressed in the pineal gland relative to other tissues by comparing pineal samples to a sample of pooled non-pineal tissues. The transcriptomes of the rat pineal gland and retina were sequenced using samples collected at 6 time points throughout a 24-hour cycle to identify rhythmically expressed transcripts. The transcriptomes of pools of mixed tissues collected at mid-day (ZT7) and mid-night (ZT19) were also sequenced for comparison to aid in determining pineal-enriched transcripts. Contributor: NISC, Comparative Sequencing Program
Project description:The rat pineal transcriptome is highly dynamic, with many hundreds of transcripts changing more than two-fold on a 24-hr basis, as revealed earlier using Affymetrix GeneChip analysis. The retina is evolutionally related to the pineal gland so these two tissues share many gene expression patterns. This study more completely characterizes the temporally dynamic transcriptomes of these tissues using RNA-Seq to capture information regarding alternative splicing, novel exons, unannotated mRNAs, non-coding RNAs, and coding transcripts not represented on the Affymetrix chips. We also identified transcripts that were selectively expressed in the pineal gland relative to other tissues by comparing pineal samples to a sample of pooled non-pineal tissues.
Project description:Introgressed variants from other species can be an important source of genetic variation because they may arise rapidly, can include multiple mutations on a single haplotype, and have often been pretested by selection in the species of origin. Although introgressed alleles are generally deleterious, several studies have reported introgression as the source of adaptive alleles-including the rodenticide-resistant variant of Vkorc1 that introgressed from Mus spretus into European populations of Mus musculus domesticus. Here, we conducted bidirectional genome scans to characterize introgressed regions into one wild population of M. spretus from Spain and three wild populations of M. m. domesticus from France, Germany, and Iran. Despite the fact that these species show considerable intrinsic postzygotic reproductive isolation, introgression was observed in all individuals, including in the M. musculus reference genome (GRCm38). Mus spretus individuals had a greater proportion of introgression compared with M. m. domesticus, and within M. m. domesticus, the proportion of introgression decreased with geographic distance from the area of sympatry. Introgression was observed on all autosomes for both species, but not on the X-chromosome in M. m. domesticus, consistent with known X-linked hybrid sterility and inviability genes that have been mapped to the M. spretus X-chromosome. Tract lengths were generally short with a few outliers of up to 2.7 Mb. Interestingly, the longest introgressed tracts were in olfactory receptor regions, and introgressed tracts were significantly enriched for olfactory receptor genes in both species, suggesting that introgression may be a source of functional novelty even between species with high barriers to gene flow.