Salpingoeca rosetta
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA164163 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other | ||||
| SRR032990.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR032991.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR032992.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR032992_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Salpingoeca rosetta mutant and bulked segregant genome re-sequencing
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Project description:Transcriptome profiles of four cell types from the choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta : Slow Swimmers, Rosettes, Fast Swimmers, and Thecate
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Project description:Choanoflagellates are unicellular and colonial aquatic microeukaryotes that capture bacteria using an apical flagellum surrounded by a feeding collar composed of actin-filled microvilli. Flow produced by the apical flagellum drives prey bacteria to the feeding collar for phagocytosis. We report here on the cell biology of prey capture in rosette-shaped colonies and unicellular "thecate" or substrate attached cells from the choanoflagellate S. rosetta. In thecate cells and rosette colonies, phagocytosis initially involves fusion of multiple microvilli, followed by remodeling of the collar membrane to engulf the prey, and transport of engulfed bacteria into the cell. Although both thecate cells and rosette colony cells produce ∼ 70 nm "collar links" that connect and potentially stabilize adjacent microvilli, only thecate cells were observed to produce a lamellipod-like "collar skirt" that encircles the base of the collar. This study offers insight into the process of prey ingestion by S. rosetta, and provides a context within which to consider potential ecological differences between solitary cells and colonies in choanoflagellates.
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Project description:Nearly all animals reproduce sexually through the production and fusion of sperm and egg cells, yet little is known about the ancestry of animal sexual reproduction. Moreover, the sexual cycle of the closest living relatives of animals, the choanoflagellates, remains completely unknown. The choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis possesses a "meiotic toolkit" of genes, but the lack of polymorphisms detected during genome sequencing precluded inferences about its ploidy or sexual cycle. Here, we report that a related choanoflagellate, Salpingoeca rosetta, has a sexual life cycle and transitions between haploid and diploid states. Haploid cultures of S. rosetta became diploid in response to nutrient limitation. This ploidy shift coincided with anisogamous mating, during which small flagellated cells fused with larger flagellated cells. Distributions of polymorphisms in laboratory strains of S. rosetta provided independent evidence of historical recombination and mating. The ability of S. rosetta to produce morphologically differentiated gametes and to engage in sexual reproduction has implications for both reconstructing the evolution of sex in the progenitors of animals and establishing classical genetics in choanoflagellates.
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Project description:Choanoflagellates are the closest unicellular relatives of animals (Metazoa). These tiny protists display complex life histories that include sessile as well as different pelagic stages. Some choanoflagellates have the ability to form colonies as well. Up until recently, these colonies have been described to consist of mostly identical cells showing no spatial cell differentiation, which supported the traditional view that spatial cell differentiation, leading to the co-existence of specific cell types in animals, evolved after the split of the last common ancestor of the Choanoflagellata and Metazoa. The recent discovery of single cells in colonies of the choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta that exhibit unique cell morphologies challenges this traditional view. We have now reanalyzed TEM serial sections, aiming to determine the degree of similarity of S. rosetta cells within a rosette colony. We investigated cell morphologies and nuclear, mitochondrial, and food vacuole volumes of 40 individual cells from four different S. rosetta rosette colonies and compared our findings to sponge choanocytes. Our analysis shows that cells in a choanoflagellate colony differ from each other in respect to cell morphology and content ratios of nuclei, mitochondria, and food vacuoles. Furthermore, cell disparity within S. rosetta colonies is slightly higher compared to cell disparity within sponge choanocytes. Moreover, we discovered the presence of plasma membrane contacts between colonial cells in addition to already described intercellular bridges and filo-/pseudopodial contacts. Our findings indicate that the last common ancestor of Choanoflagellata and Metazoa might have possessed plasma membrane contacts and spatial cell disparity during colonial life history stages.
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Project description:It has been posited that animal development evolved from pre-existing mechanisms for regulating cell differentiation in the single celled and colonial ancestors of animals. Although the progenitors of animals cannot be studied directly, insights into their cell biology may be gleaned from comparisons between animals and their closest living relatives, the choanoflagellates. We report here on the life history, cell differentiation and intercellular interactions in the colony-forming choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta. In response to diverse environmental cues, S. rosetta differentiates into at least five distinct cell types, including three solitary cell types (slow swimmers, fast swimmers, and thecate cells) and two colonial forms (rosettes and chains). Electron microscopy reveals that cells within colonies are held together by a combination of fine intercellular bridges, a shared extracellular matrix, and filopodia. In addition, we have discovered that the carbohydrate-binding protein wheat germ agglutinin specifically stains colonies and the slow swimmers from which they form, showing that molecular differentiation precedes multicellular development. Together, these results help establish S. rosetta as a model system for studying simple multicellularity in choanoflagellates and provide an experimental framework for investigating the origin of animal multicellularity and development.
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