Role of Fun30 remodelers in retrotransposon regulation
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA245377 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Retrotransposable elements are genomic parasites that are both key drivers of evolution and the ancestors of retroviruses. Although host cells have developed numerous mechanisms to keep these elements in check, there is also evidence from yeast to mammals that stressed cells sometimes activate transposition. Here we show that the fission yeast tf2 retrotransposons are regulated by alternative transcription start site (TSS) usage. Which TSS is used is determined by nucleosome positioning, which is in turn controlled by the Fun30 chromatin remodelers Fft2 and Fft3. By maintaining a high level of nucleosome occupancy at retrotransposon-flanking Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) elements, Fft2 and Fft3 promote the use of a downstream TSS and the production of RNA incapable of reverse transcription and retrotransposition. More generally, we show that Fft2 and Fft3 are involved in repressing the transcriptional response to stress, of which retrotransposon activation is a part. Finally, we show that in stressed cells retrotransposon TSS usage switches, allowing the production of full-length retrotransposon RNA. We propose that allowing retrotransposon transcription from a nonproductive TSS allows for the rapid activation of these elements in times of stress, while preventing their uncontrolled proliferation in the genome.
2016-03-03 | GSE57067 | GEO
Project description:Retrotransposable elements are genomic parasites that are both key drivers of evolution and the ancestors of retroviruses. Although host cells have developed numerous mechanisms to keep these elements in check, there is also evidence from yeast to mammals that stressed cells sometimes activate transposition. Here we show that the fission yeast tf2 retrotransposons are regulated by alternative transcription start site (TSS) usage. Which TSS is used is determined by nucleosome positioning, which is in turn controlled by the Fun30 chromatin remodelers Fft2 and Fft3. By maintaining a high level of nucleosome occupancy at retrotransposon-flanking Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) elements, Fft2 and Fft3 promote the use of a downstream TSS and the production of RNA incapable of reverse transcription and retrotransposition. More generally, we show that Fft2 and Fft3 are involved in repressing the transcriptional response to stress, of which retrotransposon activation is a part. Finally, we show that in stressed cells retrotransposon TSS usage switches, allowing the production of full-length retrotransposon RNA. We propose that allowing retrotransposon transcription from a nonproductive TSS allows for the rapid activation of these elements in times of stress, while preventing their uncontrolled proliferation in the genome.
2016-03-03 | GSE57068 | GEO
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
2016-03-03 | GSE57069 | GEO
Project description:Role of Fun30 remodelers in retrotransposon regulation [MNase-Seq]
| PRJNA245877 | ENA
Project description:Fun30 is the prototype of the Fun30-SMARCAD1-ETL sub-family of nucleosome remodelers involved in DNA repair and gene silencing. These proteins appear to act as single subunit nucleosome remodelers, but their molecular mechanisms are, at this point, poorly understood. Using multiple sequence alignment and structure prediction, we identify an evolutionarily conserved domain that is modeled to contain a SAM-like fold with one long, protruding helix, which we term SAM-key. Deletion of the SAM-key within budding yeast Fun30 leads to a defect in DNA repair and gene silencing similar to that of the fun30 mutant. In vitro, Fun30 protein lacking the SAM key is able to bind nucleosomes but is deficient in DNA-stimulated ATPase activity as well as nucleosome sliding and eviction. A structural model based on AlphaFold2 prediction and verified by crosslinking-MS indicates an interaction of the long SAM-key helix with protrusion I, a subdomain located between the two ATPase lobes that is critical for control of enzymatic activity. Mutation of the interaction interface phenocopies the domain deletion with a lack of DNA-stimulated ATPase activation and a nucleosome remodeling defect, thereby confirming a role of the SAM-key helix in regulating ATPase activity. Our data thereby demonstrate a central role of the SAM-key domain in mediating the activation of Fun30 catalytic activity, thus highlighting the importance of allosteric activation for this class of enzymes.
2023-07-18 | PXD037249 | Pride
Project description:Role of Fun30 remodelers in retrotransposon regulation [ChIP-chip and expression analysis]
| PRJNA245876 | ENA
Project description:Chromatin remodeling factors utilize ATP hydrolysis to modulate chromatin dynamics, and the Fun30-subfamily members in yeast and animals are a class of well-studied remodelers implicated in diverse biological processes. However, the molecular activity of plant Fun30 orthologues and their functions in plant growth still remain obscure yet. Compared with yeast and animal orthologues, Arabidopsis Fun30 possesses conserved ATP-dependent nucleosome sliding activity but loses the CUE domain functioning as protein adapter in evolution. Fun30 gene shows a tissue-specific expression pattern in vegetative meristems and various vascular tissues, and is functionally implicated in transcriptional repression of a large number of responsive genes under uninduced conditions. We focused on the interconnected phytohormones SA/JA pathways, and proved the Fun30 recruitment and changes of local nucleosome occupancy within chromatin regions of several key signaling and effector genes in each pathway. Besides SUVR2 involved in RdDM pathway, Fun30 also interacts with non-catalytic subunits of histone deacetylase complex, and Fun30-binding proteins exert in vitro TSA-inhibited histone deacetylase activity. In fun30 mutant, we detected increased H3 acetylation level within local chromatin regions of Fun30 target genes in vivo. Intriguingly, Fun30 transcription is severely inhibited by SA treatment, which thus releases its repression on SA-induced gene during the activation of the downstream SA pathway. Meanwhile, basal transcription level and JA-induced activation of key transcription factor MYC2 gene, as well as the consequent susceptibility to necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea, are abnormally increased in Fun30-deficient plants.
2020-08-25 | GSE156722 | GEO
Project description:To investigate the role of Fun30 in centromere establishment and function
2012-07-27 | E-MTAB-759 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:To investigate the role of Fun30 in centromere establishment and function. Part of experiments series: DNA-seq E-MTAB-759 and RNA-seq E-MTAB-955
2012-11-27 | E-MTAB-956 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The evolutionarily conserved ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzyme Fun30 has recently been shown to play important roles in heterochromatin silencing and DNA repair. However, how Fun30 remodels nucleosomes is not clear. Here we report a nucleosome sliding activity of Fun30 and its role in transcriptional repression. We observed that Fun30 repressed the expression of genes involved in amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, the stress response, and meiosis. In addition, Fun30 was localized at the 5′ and 3′ ends of genes and within the open reading frames of its targets. Consistent with its role in gene repression, we observed that Fun30-target genes lacked histone modifications often associated with gene activation and showed an increased level of ubiquitinated histone H2B. Furthermore, genome-wide nucleosome mapping analysis revealed that the length of the nucleosome-free region at the 5′ end of a subset of genes was changed in Fun30-depleted cells. In addition, the positions of the -1, +2 and +3 nucleosomes at the 5′ end of target genes were significantly shifted, while position of the +1 nucleosome remained largely unchanged in the fun30Δ mutant. Finally, we demonstrated that affinity purified single-component Fun30 exhibited nucleosome sliding activity in an ATP-dependent manner. These results define a role for Fun30 in regulation of transcription and indicate that Fun30 remodels chromatin at the 5′ end of genes by sliding promoter proximal nucleosomes.
2013-07-08 | GSE48570 | GEO