Project description:Stomatal abundance decrease in Arabidopsis triggered by warm-temperature is attributed to PIF4-mediated repression of SPEECHLESS (SPCH) expression. We identified the unknown developmental and transcriptional basis of this adaptive response. We analyzed stomatal lineage progression at warm- and control-T combining live-cell imaging and lineage-cell tracing with epidermal phenotyping, genetics and transcriptomics. Warm-T or PIF4 overexpression caused a fraction of stomatal precursors to lose their identity and become diverted, explaining stomatal index reduction, and hinting at developmental mechanisms underlying lineage progression. Triggering diverted precursor fate required extended exposure to warm-T, below which the process is reversible and stomatal index remains unchanged. Despite heat-induced gene reprogramming silenced key positive drivers of stomatal development as SPCH and MUTE, most lineages progressed and formed stomata. Transcriptomics revealed that warm-T shifted lineages towards uncommitted cell stages, which regained committed fates during recovery at control temperature. This indicates that stomatal development under changing temperatures occurs through partly rewired gene circuits involving alternative pathways.
Project description:Plant tissue development often relies on the specification of cell type initials with stem cell-like properties. These later undergo differentiation, losing division potential and acquiring specific identities and functions. In the stomatal lineage, protodermal cells develop into guard cells (GCs) through the action of bHLH transcription factors (TFs) SPEECHLESS (SPCH), MUTE and FAMA. Existing models support that these regulators act sequentially, but recent evidence indicates that SPCH expression and function are retained in late stomatal cells. Here, we combine transcriptomic and genetic approaches to define SPCH's function during the late stomatal lineage. We show that relative levels and activities of SPCH and FAMA control GC division and expansion. Through cell type-specific TF induction and mRNA sequencing, we identify late-lineage targets of both TFs, and through genetic perturbation of these targets, we demonstrate that their precise temporal regulation is required for proper GC morphology and function. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized role for SPCH in late stomatal development and support a revised model in which the functions of stomatal bHLHs are not strictly separated in time.
Project description:FLP and MYB88 are two paralogous MYB proteins, regulating the symmetric division of guard mother cell during Arabidopsis stomatal development. To understand their molecular functions, we performed genome-wide identification of FLP/MYB88 binding targets using ChIP-chip with FLP/MYB88 antibody. By comparing ChIP-chip between wild-type and flp-1 myb88 lines, a total genes were identified as putative direct targets for FLP/MYB88.
Project description:In land plants, guard cells sense pathogens and close stomata to resist their entry. Pathogen-infected local leaves transmit the danger status to uninfected distal systemic leaves and trigger their stomatal closure as a global defense termed systemic stomatal immunity. However, the corresponding mobile signals remain unknown. Here, we report that an upstream open reading frame (uORF) encodes a long-distance mobile peptide inducing systemic stomatal closure and named uORF-encoded systemic stomatal immune conductor (USIC). In local leaves, USIC expression is upregulated upon pathogen/pattern signals. In systemic leaves, the SIRK1 receptor and KIN7 coreceptor perceives USIC, and induces KIN7 cleavage by MC4. KIN7 translocates to tonoplasts and mediates stomatal closure by associating with H+-ATPases and aquaporins. This study reveals a systemic signaling mechanism whereby an uORF-encoded mobile peptide and its receptor pathway activating systemic stomatal immunity.
Project description:We initiated a study to investigate the transcriptional profiles associated with cell states of the stomatal lineage. A stem-cell like precursor of stomata, a meristemoid. reiterates asymmetric divisions and renews itself before differentiating into guard cells. The transient and asynchronous nature of the meristemoid has made it difficult to study its molecular characteristics. Through combinatorial use of genetic resources that either arrest or constitutively drive stomatal cell-state progressions due to loss- or gain-of-function mutations in the key transcription factor genes, SPEECHLESS, MUTE, and SCRM, we obtained seedlings highly enriched in pavement cells, meristemoids, or stomata. Here we present transcriptome and genome-wide trends in gene regulation associated with each cell state and identify molecular signatures associated with meristemoids. 12 samples are included in this study. Three biological replicates of 5-dag seedlings of speechless, scrm-D and scrm-D;mute were compared wild type seedlings for changes in gene expression.