Project description:Successful differentiation methods have been developed in several endodermal organs, including liver, pancreas, and intestine from embryonic stem cell and induced pluripotent stem cells. Compare to these organs, however, little has been known in gastric differentiation from embryonic stem cells. Here, we established a method of gastrointestinal tissue differentiation methods, including stomach regions from embryonic stem cells. These gastrointestinal tissue built gut primordium-like spheroids, which is also able to mature into adult tissue containing all differentiated cells in three-dimensional culture. These embryonic stem cells derived gastrointestinal tissue possessed the similar gene expression profile that of adult stomach. These data indicated that functional gastrointestinal tissue can be derived from embryonic stem cells by mimicking in vivo development and could be useful for investigating gastrointestinal study such as disease modeling.
Project description:In order to investigate the characteristics and mechanisms of embryonic stem cell derived exosomes attenuates transverse aortic constriction induced ventricular remodeling, the proteomic profiles of human embryonic stem cell derived exosomes were analysed by label-free quantification.
Project description:To describe the protein profile in hippocampus, colon and ileum tissue’ changing after the old faeces transplants, we adopted a quantitative label free proteomics approach.
Project description:Introgressed variants from other species can be an important source of genetic variation because they may arise rapidly, can include multiple mutations on a single haplotype, and have often been pretested by selection in the species of origin. Although introgressed alleles are generally deleterious, several studies have reported introgression as the source of adaptive alleles-including the rodenticide-resistant variant of Vkorc1 that introgressed from Mus spretus into European populations of Mus musculus domesticus. Here, we conducted bidirectional genome scans to characterize introgressed regions into one wild population of M. spretus from Spain and three wild populations of M. m. domesticus from France, Germany, and Iran. Despite the fact that these species show considerable intrinsic postzygotic reproductive isolation, introgression was observed in all individuals, including in the M. musculus reference genome (GRCm38). Mus spretus individuals had a greater proportion of introgression compared with M. m. domesticus, and within M. m. domesticus, the proportion of introgression decreased with geographic distance from the area of sympatry. Introgression was observed on all autosomes for both species, but not on the X-chromosome in M. m. domesticus, consistent with known X-linked hybrid sterility and inviability genes that have been mapped to the M. spretus X-chromosome. Tract lengths were generally short with a few outliers of up to 2.7 Mb. Interestingly, the longest introgressed tracts were in olfactory receptor regions, and introgressed tracts were significantly enriched for olfactory receptor genes in both species, suggesting that introgression may be a source of functional novelty even between species with high barriers to gene flow.