Gene expression analysis of Hammondia hammondi and Toxoplasma gondii sporulated oocysts
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PROVIDER: PRJNA262816 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:To date little is known about the transcriptome of Hammondia hammondi, the nearest extant relative of Toxoplasma gondii. In this study we used an existing microarray to query Toxoplasma gondii and Hammondia hammondi transcript abundance in sporulated oocysts.
2014-10-02 | GSE61963 | GEO
Project description:To date little is known about the transcriptome of Hammondia hammondi, the nearest extant relative of Toxoplasma gondii. In this study we used an existing microarray to query Toxoplasma gondii and Hammondia hammondi transcript abundance in sporulated oocysts. Oocysts of the VEG strain of Toxoplasma gondii, and the HhCatGer041 strain of Hammondia hammondi, were isolated from cat feces by sucrose flotation, and sporulated for ~3-6 months in 2% sulfuric acid. RNA was isolated from Bleach-treated oocyst preparations using the Trizol reagent. RNA was biotinylated for hybridization to Toxo 169 Affymetrix chips using the Illumina Total Prep RNA labeling kit (Ambion). For each species 3 separate RNA isolations were performed on the same batch of oocysts and hybridized to individual microarrays.
2014-10-02 | E-GEOD-61963 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan parasite that approximately infects one third of the human population worldwide. When sporulated oocysts that are shed in the faeces of infected felids are accidentally ingested through contaminated food or water, sporozoites can infect the intestine of the intermediate host. Upon this infection, the fast replicating tachyzoites then disseminate overall the body and can cross the blood-brain, blood-retina or the blood-placenta barrier. Eventually, immune pressure will lead to differentiation into the slow replicating bradyzoites that are contained within tissue cysts for life. Despite the importance of sporulation for transmission, the process is not yet understood. We therefore exploited Illumina Next-Generation RNA-Sequencing to analyse the transcriptome of oocysts in the process of sporulation and compared it to unsporulated and sporulated oocysts. We thus identified genes that are highly specific to the sporulation process and that may be involved in the formation of sporozoites.
2022-06-20 | GSE206344 | GEO
Project description:Hammondia hammondi strain:HhCatGer041 Genome sequencing and assembly
| PRJNA191036 | ENA
Project description:Phosphorylation is a regulatory mechanism by which intracellular apicomplexan parasites control the process of invading and modifying host cells. However, the sporulated oocysts’ phosphoprotein repertoires between virulent and avirulent strains of Toxoplasma gondii and the underlying mechanisms contributing to virulence is still a mystery. A quantitative analysis of the sporulated oocysts’ phosphoproteome profile of T. gondii virulent and avirulent strains belonging to different genotypes was conducted to reveal phosphoprotein expression patterns that contribute to the virulence of a particular phenotype. Phosphopeptides from the sporulated oocysts of the virulent strain PYS (Chinese ToxoDB#9) and the avirulent strain type II (PRU strain) were enriched by titanium dioxide (TiO2) affinity chromatography and quantified using iBT technology. A total of 10,645 unique phosphopeptides, 8,181 nonredundant phosphorylation sites and 2,792 phosphoproteins were identified. The quantitative analysis identified 4,129 differentially expressed phosphopeptides (DEPs) between sporulated oocysts of the PYS strain and PRU strain (|log1.5 fold change| > 1 and P < 0.05), including 2,485 upregulated and 1,644 downregulated phosphopeptides. Motif analysis identified 24 motifs from the upregulated phosphorylated peptides including 22 serine motifs and two threonine motifs (TPE and TP), and 15 motifs from the downregulated phosphorylated peptides including 12 serine motifs and three threonine motifs (TP, RxxT and KxxT) in PYS strain when comparing PYS/PRU. Several kinases were consistent with motifs of overrepresented phosphopeptides, such as PKA, PKG, CKII, IKK, MAPK, EGFR, INSR, Jak, Syk, Src, Ab1. GO analysis, KEGG pathway analysis and STRING analysis revealed differentially expressed phosphoproteins (DEPs) exhibiting significant functional properties. Kinase associated network analysis showed that AGC kinase had the greatest connected peptides. Our findings reveal significant difference in phosphopeptides of sporulated oocysts between virulent and avirulent T. gondii strains, which provides solid foundation for further exploring the mechanisms contributing to the virulence of T. gondii.
2022-02-22 | PXD017032 | Pride
Project description:Transcriptomics of Toxoplasma gondii sporulating oocysts
| PRJNA850353 | ENA
Project description:Hammondia hammondi strain:H.H.34 Genome sequencing and assembly
| PRJNA80807 | ENA
Project description:Long read sequencing of Toxoplasma gondii and its relatives
| PRJNA638608 | ENA
Project description:Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous protozoan parasite capable of infecting all warm-blooded animals, including humans. Its closest extant relative, Hammondia hammondi, has never been found to infect humans and, in contrast to T. gondii, is highly attenuated in mice. To better understand the genetic bases for these phenotypic differences, we sequenced the genome of a H. hammondi isolate (HhCatGer041) and found the genomic synteny between H. hammondi and T. gondii to be >95%. We used this genome to determine the H. hammondi primary sequence of two major T. gondii mouse virulence genes, TgROP5 and TgROP18. When we expressed these genes in T. gondii, we found that H. hammondi orthologs of TgROP5 and TgROP18 were functional. Similar to T. gondii, the HhROP5 locus is expanded, and two distinct HhROP5 paralogs increased the virulence of a T. gondii TgROP5 knockout strain. We also identified a 107 base pair promoter region, absent only in type III TgROP18, which is necessary for TgROP18 expression. This result indicates that the ROP18 promoter was active in the most recent common ancestor of these two species and that it was subsequently inactivated in progenitors of the type III lineage. Overall, these data suggest that the virulence differences between these species are not solely due to the functionality of these key virulence factors. This study provides evidence that other mechanisms, such as differences in gene expression or the lack of currently uncharacterized virulence factors, may underlie the phenotypic differences between these species.
| S-EPMC3645575 | biostudies-literature