Project description:Origins of the brain tumor, medulloblastoma, from stem cells or restricted pro-genitor cells are unclear. To investigate this, we activated oncogenic Hedgehog signaling in multipotent and lineage-restricted CNS progenitors. We observed that normal unipo-tent cerebellar granule neuron precursors (CGNP) derive from hGFAP+ and Olig2+ rhombic lip progenitors. Hedgehog activation in a spectrum of early and late stage CNS progenitors generated similar medulloblastomas, but not other brain cancers, indicating that acquisition of CGNP identity is essential for tumorigenesis. We show in human and mouse medulloblastoma that cells expressing the glia-associated markers Gfap and Olig2 are neoplastic and that they retain features of embryonic-type granule lineage progenitors. Thus, oncogenic Hedgehog signaling promotes medulloblastoma from lineage-restricted granule cell progenitors. Gene expression profiling of cerebellar tumors generated from various early and late stage CNS progenitor cells. Experiment Overall Design: Group comparisons with biological replicates
Project description:It is generally believed that cerebellar granule neurons originate exclusively from granule neuron precursors (GNPs) in the external germinal layer (EGL). Here we identify a rare population of neuronal progenitors in the developing cerebellum that expresses Nestin. Although Nestin is widely considered a marker for multipotent stem cells, these Nestin-expressing progenitors (NEPs) are committed to the granule neuron lineage. Unlike conventional GNPs, which reside in the outer EGL and proliferate extensively, NEPs reside in the deep part of the EGL and are quiescent. Expression profiling reveals that NEPs are distinct from GNPs, and in particular, express markedly reduced levels of genes associated with DNA repair. Consistent with this, upon aberrant activation of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling, NEPs exhibit more severe genomic instability and give rise to tumors more efficiently than GNPs. These studies identify a novel progenitor for cerebellar granule neurons and a novel cell of origin for medulloblastoma. 4 samples of Nestin expressing progenitors (NEPs), 4 samples of Math1 positive cells (GNPs) and 3 samples of Neural stem cells (CD133+ NSCs) were used for microarray analysis to determine the distinct genetic profile of NEPs. 4 samples of NEP-derived tumor and 4 samples of GNP-derived tumor were used to determine the similarity of those tumors by microarray analysis.
Project description:Mutations in the gene encoding the chromatin remodeler CHD8 are a highly penetrant risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although cerebellar abnormalities have been involved in ASD pathogenesis, the underlying mechanisms of CHD8 in the regulation of cerebellar function has remained unknown, however. Here we show that the cerebellar granule neurons–specific deletion of Chd8 manifests reduced proliferation and differentiation of granule neuron progenitors, leading to cerebellar hypoplasia and motor coordination defects in mice. CHD8 was found to regulate the expression of neuronal genes and to be required for maturation of cerebellar granule neurons. Furthermore, we found that CHD8 is preferentially bound to promoter regions and is necessary for modulation of local chromatin accessibilities at promoter regions of active gene. Our results thus uncover a critical role for CHD8 in cerebellar development and have important implications for understanding the cerebellar contributions to ASD pathogenesis.
Project description:Regulation of Tlx3 by Pax6 is required for the restricted expression of Chrnα3 in Cerebellar Granule Neuron progenitors during development
Project description:Origins of the brain tumor, medulloblastoma, from stem cells or restricted pro-genitor cells are unclear. To investigate this, we activated oncogenic Hedgehog signaling in multipotent and lineage-restricted CNS progenitors. We observed that normal unipo-tent cerebellar granule neuron precursors (CGNP) derive from hGFAP+ and Olig2+ rhombic lip progenitors. Hedgehog activation in a spectrum of early and late stage CNS progenitors generated similar medulloblastomas, but not other brain cancers, indicating that acquisition of CGNP identity is essential for tumorigenesis. We show in human and mouse medulloblastoma that cells expressing the glia-associated markers Gfap and Olig2 are neoplastic and that they retain features of embryonic-type granule lineage progenitors. Thus, oncogenic Hedgehog signaling promotes medulloblastoma from lineage-restricted granule cell progenitors. Gene expression profiling of cerebellar tumors generated from various early and late stage CNS progenitor cells.