Project description:In this work, we have used deep sequencing to study the viral small RNA (vsiRNA) populations from different mycoviruses infecting field isolates of Botrytis spp. The mycoviruses under study belong to different genera and species and have different type of genome (dsRNA, (+)ssRNA, and (-)ssRNA). In general, vsiRNAs derived from mycoviruses are mostly of 21, 20 and 22 nucleotides in length, possess sense or antisense orientation either in a similar ratio or with a predominance of sense polarity depending on the virus species, have predominantly U at their 5' end, and are unevenly distributed along the viral genome showing conspicuous hotspots of vsiRNA accumulation. These characteristics reveal striking concomitances with vsiRNAs produced by plant viruses suggesting similar pathways of viral targeting in plants and fungi
Project description:RNA silencing is an ancient regulatory mechanism operating in all eukaryotic cells. In fungi, it was first discovered in Neurospora crassa, although its potential as a defence mechanism against mycoviruses was first reported in Cryphonectria parasitica and, later, in several fungal species. There is little evidence of the antiviral potential of RNA silencing in the phytopathogenic species of the fungal genus Botrytis. Moreover, little is known about the RNA silencing components in these fungi, although the analysis of public genome databases identified two Dicer-like genes in B. cinerea, as in most of the ascomycetes sequenced to date. In this work, we used deep sequencing to study the virus-derived small RNA (vsiRNA) populations from different mycoviruses infecting field isolates of Botrytis spp. The mycoviruses under study belong to different genera and species, and have different types of genome [double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), (+)single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) and (-)ssRNA]. In general, vsiRNAs derived from mycoviruses are mostly of 21, 20 and 22 nucleotides in length, possess sense or antisense orientation, either in a similar ratio or with a predominance of sense polarity depending on the virus species, have predominantly U at their 5' end, and are unevenly distributed along the viral genome, showing conspicuous hotspots of vsiRNA accumulation. These characteristics reveal striking similarities with vsiRNAs produced by plant viruses, suggesting similar pathways of viral targeting in plants and fungi. We have shown that the fungal RNA silencing machinery acts against the mycoviruses used in this work in a similar manner independent of their viral or fungal origin.
Project description:This study describes the gel-free phosphoproteomic analysis the phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria brassicicola and Botrytis cinerea grown in vitro under non-limiting conditions.
Project description:Small RNA libraries of 4 different mycovirus-infected and -free isogenic lines of A. fumigatus were constructed using Scriptminer adapters. sRNAomes were analysed and putative virus-derived small RNAs were identified. Analysis of small RNA profiles of 4 different mycovirus-infected A. fumigatus isolates
Project description:Although most known mycoviruses are asymptomatic or reduce the virulence of their host fungi, those that confer hypervirulence to entomopathogenic fungus still need to be explored. Here, we discovered and studied a novel mycovirus in Metarhizium flavoviride, isolated from Laodelphax striatellus. Based on molecular analysis, we tentatively designated the mycovirus as Metarhizium flavoviride partitivirus 1 (MfPV1), a novel species in genus Gammapartitivirus, family Partitiviridae. MfPV1 has two double-stranded (ds) RNAs as its genome, 1,775 and 1,575 bp in size respectively, encapsidated in isometric particles. When we transfected commercial strains of M. anisopliae and M. pingshaense with MfPV1, conidiation was significantly enhanced (t-test; P-value < 0. 01), and the significantly higher mortality rates of the larvae of Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera frugiperda, two important lepidopteran pests were found in virus-transfected strains (ANOVA; P-value < 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis showed that transcript levels of pathogenesis-related genes in MfPV1-infected M. anisopliae were obviously altered, suggesting increased production of metarhizium adhesin-like protein, hydrolyzed protein and destruxin synthetase. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism whereby MfPV1 enhances the expression of pathogenesis-related genes and virulence of Metarhizium to lepidopteran pests. This study presents experimental evidence that the transfection of other entomopathogenic fungal species with a mycovirus can confer significant hypervirulence and provides a good example that mycoviruses could be used as synergistic agent to enhance the biocontrol activity of entomopathogenic fungi.
Project description:Small RNA libraries of 4 different mycovirus-infected and -free isogenic lines of A. fumigatus were constructed using Scriptminer adapters. sRNAomes were analysed and putative virus-derived small RNAs were identified.
Project description:Next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed to identify genes changed in ginseng upon Botrytis cinerea △BcSpd1 treatment. The goal of the work is to find interesting genes involved in ginseng in response to fungi induction. The object is to reveal the molecular mechanism of ginseng defense induced by Botrytis cinerea △BcSpd1 .
Project description:Next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed to identify genes changed in ginseng upon Botrytis cinerea infection. The goal of the work is to find interesting genes involved in medical plant in response to fungi infection. The object is to reveal the molecular mechanism of medical plant defense.
Project description:Small RNA libraries of three different mycovirus-infected A. fumigatus isolates were constructed by using Illumina high definition adapters. sRNAomes were analysed and putative virus-derived small RNAs were identified. Analysis of small RNA profiles of three different mycovirus-infected A. fumigatus isolates
Project description:Small RNA libraries of three different mycovirus-infected A. fumigatus isolates were constructed by using Illumina high definition adapters. sRNAomes were analysed and putative virus-derived small RNAs were identified.