Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA347283 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR4379991_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR4379991_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR4379992_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR4379992_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:We generated ATAC-seq data for pre- and post-extraction venom gland samples and H3K4me3, H3K27ac, and CTCF ChIP-seq from post-extraction venom gland samples from the Prairie Rattlesnake to investigate patterns of chromatin accessibility, transcription factor binding, and insulation during venom production, and to identify open promoters and active enhancer regions.
2022-04-07 | GSE169217 | GEO
Project description:Background The generalist dipteran pupal parasitoid Nasonia vitripennis injects 79 venom peptides into the host before egg laying. This venom induces several important changes in the host, including developmental arrest, immunosuppression, and alterations to normal metabolism. It is hoped that diverse and potent bioactivities of N. vitripennis venom provide an opportunity for the design of novel acting drugs. However, currently very little is known about the individual functions of N. vitripennis venom peptides and less than half can be bioinformatically annotated. The paucity of annotation information complicates the design of studies that seek to better understand the potential mechanisms underlying the envenomation response. Although the RNA interference system of N. vitripennis provides an opportunity to functionally characterise venom encoding genes, with 79 candidates this represents a daunting task. For this reason we were interested in determining the expression levels of venom encoding genes in the venom gland, such that this information could be used to rank candidate venoms. To do this we carried out deep sequencing of the transcriptome of the venom gland and neighbouring ovary tissue and used RNA-seq to measure expression from the 79 venom encoding genes. The generation of a specific venom gland transcriptome dataset also provides further opportunities to investigate novel features of this highly specialised organ. Results High throughput sequencing and RNA-seq revealed that the highest expressed venom encoding gene in the venom gland was a serine protease called Nasvi2EG007167, which has previously been implicated in the apoptotic activity of N. vitripennis venom. As expected the RNA-seq confirmed that the N. vitripennis venom encoding genes are almost exclusively expressed in the venom gland relative to the neighbouring ovary tissue. Novel peptides appear to perform key roles in N. vitripennis venom function as only four of the highest 15 expressed venom encoding genes are bioinformatically annotationed. The high throughput sequencing data also provided evidence for the existence of an additional 471 novel genes in the Nasonia genome that are expressed in the venom gland and ovary. Finally, metagenomic analysis of venom gland transcripts identified viral transcripts that may play an important part in the N. vitripennis venom function. Conclusions The expression level information provided here for the 79 venom encoding genes provides an unbiased dataset that can be used by the N. vitripennis community to identify high value candidates for further functional characterisation. These candidates represent bioactive peptides that have value in drug development pipelines.
2016-12-31 | GSE76257 | GEO
Project description:Mucuna pruriens extract MPE pretreatment may have a direct protective effect on heart (other than immunological neutralization of the venom neurotoxin and phospholipase A2 by the anti-MPE antibodies) that renders the heart more resistant to the toxic action of the venom The direct protective effect probably involves functional changes to the cardiac tissue that enable the heart to resist the reduction of contractility and rate induced by the cobra venom.To explore the possibility of the direct action of MPE pretreatment on heart and to understand the molecular events involved in the protection of MPE pretreatment against the lethal action of Naja sputatrix venom, gene expression studies were carried out using microarray analysis. Rats were divided into four groups (n=6): negative control (abbreviated as ‘negative’ group), MPE pretreated group (abbreviated as ‘MPE’ group), N. sputatrix venom-challenge group (abbreviated as ‘NS’ group) and N. sputatrix venom-challenge to MPE pretreated animals group (abbreviated as ‘MPE-NS’ group). In the ‘MPE’ group, rats were injected with MPE at a dose of 21 mg/kg (i.p.), on day 0, 7 and 14, and sacrificed on day 21. In the ‘negative’ group (the untreated, control group), rats were injected with saline of the same volume and sacrificed also on day 21. Hearts were then harvested immediately. In the N. sputatrix venom-challenge group (‘NS’ group), untreated rats were challenged with 1.5 LD50 (1.25 ?g/g) of N. sputatrix venom whereas in the venom challenge to MPE pretreated animals group (the ‘MPE-NS’ group), MPE pretreated rats were challenged with 1.5 LD50 (1.25 ?g/g) of N. sputatrix venom, both on day 21. For the ‘NS’ and ‘MPE-NS’ group, the rats were observed for 24 h after venom challenged and hearts were harvested as soon as death occurred or 24 h after the venom injection, whichever occurred first.
2014-12-22 | E-GEOD-46610 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Callobius koreanus (C.koreanus) is a wandering spider and a member of the Amaurobiidae family, infraorder Araneae. RNA-sequencing was performend for venom gland tissue and whole body except venom gland.
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Project description:Agelena koreana is indigenous spider in South Korea that lives on piles of trees building webs. RNA-sequencing was performed for venom gland tissue and whole body except venom gland.
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Project description:The Tibellus genus spider is an active hunter that does not spin webs and remains highly underinvestigated in terms of the venom composition. Here, we present a combination of venom glands transcriptome cDNA analysis, venom proteome analysis for unveiling of the Tibellus genus spider venom composition.
2023-10-23 | PXD040219 | Pride
Project description:Sirex noctilio F., a Eurasian horntail woodwasp recently introduced into North America, oviposits in pines and other conifers and in the process spreads a phytopathogenic fungus that serves as a food source for its larvae. During oviposition the woodwasp also deposits a mucus produced in its acid (venom) gland that alters pine defense responses and facilitates infection by the fungus. A 26,496-feature loblolly pine cDNA microarray was used to survey gene expression of pine tissue responding to S. noctilio venom. Six genes were selected for further assessment by qRT-PCR, including one that encoded an apparent PR-4 protein and another that encoded a thaumatin-like protein. Expression of both was strongly induced in response to venom, while expression of an apparent actin gene (ACT1) was stable in response to the venom. The pattern of gene response was similar in Pinus taeda L. and P. radiata D. Don, but the magnitude of response in P. radiata was significantly stronger for each of the induced genes. The magnitude of biomarker gene response to venom also varied according to genotype within these two species. The qRT-PCR assay was used to demonstrate that the primary bioactive component in S. noctilio venom is a polypeptide.
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Project description:Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are unique parasitic nematodes due to their symbiosis with entomopathogenic bacteria and their ability to kill insect hosts quickly after infection. Although it has been widely believed that EPNs rely on their bacterial partners for killing insect hosts, compelling evidence from previous studies challenges this model. We developed an improved method of activating millions of Steinernema carpocapsae infective juveniles (IJs) in vitro to harvest excreted/secreted (ES) proteins for bioactivity tests and proteomics analysis. We found that a low dose of the ES proteins from early activated nematodes is lethal to Drosophila melanogaster adults within 2-6 hours. We analyzed the protein composition of this venom using mass spectrometry and identified 472 proteins. Many of these venom proteins share high homology with those of vertebrate-parasitic nematodes. Among many different families of proteins found in the venom, proteases and protease inhibitors are especially abundant. Some toxin-related proteins such as Shk domain-containing proteins were also detected. We further analyzed the transcriptomes of individual non-activated IJs and nematodes that were activated in vitro and in vivo, which revealed a dramatic shift in gene expression during IJ activation. By comparing the whole transcriptomes and the genes encoding venom proteins between the in vitro and in vivo activated nematodes, we confirmed that the in vitro activation is a good approximation of the in vivo process. In summary, our findings strongly support a new model that S. carpocapsae and likely other Steinernema EPNs have a more active role in contributing to the pathogenicity of the nematode-bacterium complex than simply relying on their symbiotic bacteria. Furthermore, we propose that EPNs are a good model system for investigating vertebrate- and human-parasitic nematodes, especially regarding the function of ES products.
2017-03-27 | GSE89961 | GEO
Project description:In order to provide a global insight on the transcripts expressed in the venom gland of the Brazilian ant species Tetramorium bicarinatum and to unveil the potential of its products, high-throughput expressed sequence tags were generated using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. A total of 212,371,758 pairs of quality-filtered, 100-base-pair Illumina reads were obtained. The de novo assemblies yielded 36,042 contigs for which 27,873 have at least one predicted ORF among which 59.77% produce significant hits in the available databases. The investigation of the reads mapping toxin class revealed a high diversification with the major part consistent with the classical hymenopteran venom protein signature represented by venom allergen (33.3%) followed by a diverse toxin-expression profile including several distinct isoforms of phospholipase A1 and A2, venom serine protease, hyaluronidase, protease inhibitor and secapin. Moreover, our results revealed for the first time the presence of toxin-like peptides that have been previously identified from unrelated venomous animals such as waprin-like (snakes) and agatoxins (spiders and conus). 300 ant specimens from the species Tetramorium bicarinatum were dissected in order to extract the RNA from their venom gland, The whole ant body was used as a reference,
2015-01-08 | E-GEOD-53988 | biostudies-arrayexpress