Mus musculus
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA403795 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR6019600_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR6019600_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR6019610_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR6019610_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR6019620_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Small ~10 kb microhomology-mediated tandem duplications (“Group 1 TDs”) are abundant in BRCA1-linked but not BRCA2-linked breast cancer genomes. Here, we define the mechanism underlying this rearrangement signature. We show that BRCA1, but not BRCA2, suppresses TDs at a Tus/Ter site-specific chromosomal replication fork barrier in primary mammalian cells. BRCA1 has no equivalent role at chromosomal double strand breaks, indicating specificity for the stalled fork response. Two motor proteins—FANCM and the Bloom’s syndrome helicase—suppress Tus/Ter-induced TDs in BRCA1 mutants, revealing the existence of a multi-gene TD suppressor network. TDs arise by a “replication restart-bypass” mechanism terminated by end joining or microhomology-mediated template switching, the latter forming complex TD breakpoints. We show that solitary DNA ends form directly at Tus/Ter, implicating misrepair of these lesions in TD formation. We find that BRCA1 inactivation is strongly associated with Group 1 TDs in ovarian cancer. The Group 1 TD phenotype may be a general signature of BRCA1-deficient cancer
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Project description:The progression of replication forks (RFs) can be challenged by obstacles of endogenous or exogenous origin. Stalled forks need to be readily stabilized and restarted in order to prevent genomic instability. Replication fork restart requires the recruitment of multiple enzymes and involves different DNA transactions. The MRX (Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2) complex plays a central role in this process. It has been implicated in the nucleolytic degradation of nascent DNA and in the loading of cohesin at stalled forks. However, little is known on how these functions are regulated. Here we show that MRX structural features are predominant on the nuclease activity of Mre11 for DNA resection at stalled replication forks. This results raise the question of the mechanisms by which MRX promotes nascent strand resection. At DNA double strand breaks (DSB) MRX promotes the binding of the chromatin remodeler RSC, from which the activity is required for 5’ end resection. Interestingly, MRX mutants exhibit increased nucleosome occupancy at stalled replication forks. This result suggest that a dynamic chromatin structure promoted by MRX could be required for the processing of stalled replication forks. Strinkingly the absence of two histones modifiers Gcn5 and Set1 recapitulates the phenotype of MRX mutants both on chromatin structure and nascent strand resection at stalled forks even though they are dispensable for its recruitment. Since nucleosomes also represent obstacles for the loading of SMC complexes on DNA, it is coherent that we observed that cohesin is no longer recruited at stalled forks in gcn5 and set1, as in MRX mutants. Together our data suggest that the regulation of chromatin structure at stalled replication forks is essential for their processing and to promote genome stability.
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Project description:Heterozygous germline mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 predispose to breast, ovarian, as well as other cancers. The main physiological function of BRCA1 and BRCA2 is to facilitate DNA replication, by stabilising and re-starting stalled replication forks. Consequently, inactivation of either BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes leads to replication pathologies and accumulation of DNA double strand breaks. Similar to BRCA1/2 inactivation, oncogene overexpression interferes with replication and inflicts DNA damage. It remains unclear how the replication defects in the two settings differ from each other and what is their combined effect on cell viability. Here, we report that accumulation of β-catenin, an oncogene of the WNT signalling pathway, is synthetically lethal with BRCA1/2 inactivation. We identify two transcription-dependent mechanisms that mediate oncogene toxicity in the context of BRCA1/2 deficiency. Firstly, accumulation of -catenin activates E2F-dependent transcription, which accelerates G1/S transition, thus counteracting the delayed S-phase entry caused by BRCA1/2 abrogation. This, in turn, triggers illegitimate origin firing leading to fork collapse, DNA damage and deregulation of gene expression. Secondly, we find that β-catenin accumulation suppresses transcription of CDKN1A gene encoding p21, a modulator of fork progression. Decreased replication rates represent a hallmark of BRCA2 deficiency. Through p21 downregulation, β-catenin accelerates replication fork progression in BRCA2-deficient cells, thereby inflicting DNA damage and triggering cell death. Thus, our results demonstrate that oncogene-driven premature S-phase entry and increased replication rate are lethal in the context of BRCA1/2 abrogation, which explains the mutual exclusivity between oncogene activation and BRCA1/2 gene mutations in human tumours.
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Project description:Faithful duplication of DNA is essential for the maintenance of genomic stability in all organisms. DNA synthesis proceeds bi-directionally with continuous synthesis of leading strand DNA and discontinuous synthesis of lagging strand DNA. Herein, we describe a method of enriching and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent strand DNA (eSPAN) to detect whether a protein binds the leading- and lagging-strands of DNA replication forks. We show that Pol-epsilon, PCNA, Cdc45, Mcm6 and Mcm10 preferentially associate with leading strands, whereas Pol-alpha, Pol32, Pol-delta, Rfa1 and Rfc1 associate with lagging strands of hydroxyurea (HU)-stalled replication forks. In contrast, PCNA is enriched at lagging strands of normal replication forks in wild type cells and HU-stalled forks in cells lacking Elg1. These studies demonstrate a strategy to reveal proteins at leading and lagging strands of DNA replication forks, and suggest that the unloading of PCNA from lagging strands of HU-stalled replication forks helps maintain genome integrity.
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Project description:Faithful duplication of DNA is essential for the maintenance of genomic stability in all organisms. DNA synthesis proceeds bi-directionally with continuous synthesis of leading strand DNA and discontinuous synthesis of lagging strand DNA. Herein, we describe a method of enriching and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent strand DNA (eSPAN) to detect whether a protein binds the leading- and lagging-strands of DNA replication forks. We show that Pol-epsilon, PCNA, Cdc45, Mcm6 and Mcm10 preferentially associate with leading strands, whereas Pol-alpha, Pol32, Pol-delta, Rfa1 and Rfc1 associate with lagging strands of hydroxyurea (HU)-stalled replication forks. In contrast, PCNA is enriched at lagging strands of normal replication forks in wild type cells and HU-stalled forks in cells lacking Elg1. These studies demonstrate a strategy to reveal proteins at leading and lagging strands of DNA replication forks, and suggest that the unloading of PCNA from lagging strands of HU-stalled replication forks helps maintain genome integrity. We synchronized yeast cells at G1 and released into early S phase in the presence of BrdU, a nucleotide analog that can be incorporated into newly synthesized DNA strand, and hydroxyurea (HU), a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor. HU has no effect on initiation of DNA replication at early replication origins, but inhibit late replication firing. In addition, replication forks are stalled due to depletion of dNTPs. We then performed chromatin-immunoprecipitation of 12 proteins of interest following a standard procedure. Protein-bound DNAs were then reverse-crosslinked and double strand DNA was denatured. Nascent DNA was enriched by immunoprecipitation using anti-BrdU antibodies. The recovered ssDNA was first marked with ligation to one oligo at 3M-bM-^@M-^Y end before conversion to dsDNA for library preparation and sequencing. In this way, the directionality of ssDNA and therefore strand information of each sequenced DNA were known. The sequencing tag was mapped to both Watson (red) and Crick (blue) strands of the reference genome. In addition to ChIP-eSPAN, we also performed BrdU-IP and single strand DNA sequence (BrdU-ssSeq) and protein ChIP followed by single-strand DNA sequencing (ChIP-ssSeq) for each corresponding ChIP-eSPAN experiment. We also performed Mcm4 and Mcm6 ChIP-seq using cells synchronized at G1 phase of the cell cycle for identification of replication origins in comparison with published dataset. Some protein ChIP-ssSeq and ChIP-eSPAN experiments were repeated and the data fits well each other. Therefore, we did not repeat all protein ChIP-ssSeq and ChIP-eSPAN experiments.
2014-10-29 | E-GEOD-52614 | biostudies-arrayexpress