Cell Identity Determination In Human Brain: Somatic mutation and cell lineage
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PROVIDER: PRJNA417889 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Cell Identity Determination In Human Brain: Somatic mutation and cell lineage
| PRJNA417888 | ENA
Project description:Cellular differentiation involves profound changes in the chromatic landscape, yet the mechanisms by which somatic cell identity is subsequently maintained remain incompletely understood. To further elucidate regulatory pathways that safeguard the somatic state, we performed two comprehensive RNAi screens targeting chromatin factors during transcription factor-mediated reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Remarkably, subunits of the chromatin assembly factor-1 (CAF-1) complex emerged as the most prominent hits from both screens, followed by modulators of lysine sumoylation and heterochromatin maintenance. Suppression of CAF-1 increased reprogramming efficiency by several orders of magnitude and facilitated iPSC formation in as little as 4 days. Mechanistically, CAF-1 suppression led to a more accessible chromatin structure at enhancer elements early during reprogramming. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in somatic heterochromatin domains, increased binding of Sox2 to pluripotency-specific targets and activation of associated genes. Notably, suppression of CAF-1 also enhanced the direct conversion of B cells into macrophages and fibroblasts into neurons. Together, our findings reveal the histone chaperone CAF-1 as a novel regulator of somatic cell identity during transcription factor-induced cell fate transitions and provide a potential strategy to modulate cellular plasticity in a regenerative setting. Gene expression analysis in CAF-1 knockdown and Renilla control during early OKSM-induced reprogramming by microarray
2015-12-10 | E-GEOD-72741 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Cellular differentiation involves profound changes in the chromatic landscape, yet the mechanisms by which somatic cell identity is subsequently maintained remain incompletely understood. To further elucidate regulatory pathways that safeguard the somatic state, we performed two comprehensive RNAi screens targeting chromatin factors during transcription factor-mediated reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Remarkably, subunits of the chromatin assembly factor-1 (CAF-1) complex emerged as the most prominent hits from both screens, followed by modulators of lysine sumoylation and heterochromatin maintenance. Suppression of CAF-1 increased reprogramming efficiency by several orders of magnitude and facilitated iPSC formation in as little as 4 days. Mechanistically, CAF-1 suppression led to a more accessible chromatin structure at enhancer elements early during reprogramming. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in somatic heterochromatin domains, increased binding of Sox2 to pluripotency-specific targets and activation of associated genes. Notably, suppression of CAF-1 also enhanced the direct conversion of B cells into macrophages and fibroblasts into neurons. Together, our findings reveal the histone chaperone CAF-1 as a novel regulator of somatic cell identity during transcription factor-induced cell fate transitions and provide a potential strategy to modulate cellular plasticity in a regenerative setting.
2015-12-10 | GSE72741 | GEO
Project description:Chickarmane2008 - Stem cell lineage determination
In this work, a dynamical model of lineage
determination based upon a minimal circuit, as discussed in PMID: 17215298
, which contains the Oct4/Sox2/Nanog core as well its interaction
with a few other key genes is discussed.
This model is described in the article:
A computational model for understanding stem cell, trophectoderm and endoderm lineage determination.
Chickarmane V, Peterson C
PloS one. 2008, 3(10):e3478
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have associated the transcription factors, Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog as parts of a self-regulating network which is responsible for maintaining embryonic stem cell properties: self renewal and pluripotency. In addition, mutual antagonism between two of these and other master regulators have been shown to regulate lineage determination. In particular, an excess of Cdx2 over Oct4 determines the trophectoderm lineage whereas an excess of Gata-6 over Nanog determines differentiation into the endoderm lineage. Also, under/over-expression studies of the master regulator Oct4 have revealed that some self-renewal/pluripotency as well as differentiation genes are expressed in a biphasic manner with respect to the concentration of Oct4. METHODOLOGY/
PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We construct a dynamical model of a minimalistic network, extracted from ChIP-on-chip and microarray data as well as literature studies. The model is based upon differential equations and makes two plausible assumptions; activation of Gata-6 by Oct4 and repression of Nanog by an Oct4-Gata-6 heterodimer. With these assumptions, the results of simulations successfully describe the biphasic behavior as well as lineage commitment. The model also predicts that reprogramming the network from a differentiated state, in particular the endoderm state, into a stem cell state, is best achieved by over-expressing Nanog, rather than by suppression of differentiation genes such as Gata-6.
CONCLUSIONS: The computational model provides a mechanistic understanding of how different lineages arise from the dynamics of the underlying regulatory network. It provides a framework to explore strategies of reprogramming a cell from a differentiated state to a stem cell state through directed perturbations. Such an approach is highly relevant to regenerative medicine since it allows for a rapid search over the host of possibilities for reprogramming to a stem cell state.
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2024-09-02 | BIOMD0000000209 | BioModels
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series: GSE17816: Somatic Mutation Screen of Clear Cell RCC I GSE17818: Somatic Mutation Screen of Clear Cell RCC II Systematic somatic mutation screening of 4000 genes in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Information on corresponding somatic mutations in each sample can be found at http://www.sanger.ac.uk/genetics/CGP/Studies/.
2010-05-16 | E-GEOD-17895 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:During development, specialized cell lineages are generated through the establishment of cell type-specific transcriptional patterns and epigenetic programs. However, the precise mechanisms and regulators that maintain these specialized cell states remain largely elusive. To identify molecules that safeguard somatic cell identity, we performed two comprehensive RNAi screens targeting known and predicted chromatin regulators during transcription factor-mediated reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Remarkably, subunits of the chromatin assembly factor-1 (CAF-1) complex emerged as the most prominent hits from both screens, followed by modulators of lysine sumoylation, DNA methylation and heterochromatin maintenance. Suppression of CAF-1 increased reprogramming efficiencies by several orders of magnitude and generated iPSCs two to three times faster compared to controls without affecting cell proliferation. We demonstrate that suppression of CAF-1 leads to a more accessible chromatin structure specifically at enhancer elements early during reprogramming. These changes were accompanied by increased binding of the reprogramming factor Sox2 to ESC-specific regulatory elements and earlier activation of pluripotency-associated genes. Notably, suppression of CAF-1 also enhanced iPSC formation from blood progenitors as well as the direct conversion of B cells into macrophages and fibroblasts into neurons. Together, our findings reveal the histone chaperone CAF-1 as an unanticipated regulator of somatic cell identity and provide a potential strategy to modulate cellular plasticity in a regenerative setting. Keywords: Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing Chromatin accessibility and Sox2 bindings in CAF-1 knockdown and Renilla control during early OKSM reprogramming by high throughput sequencing
2015-12-10 | E-GEOD-72744 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Gonadal somatic cells are the main players in gonad development and are important for sex determination and germ cell development. Here, using a time-series scRNA-seq strategy, we analyzed the fetal germ cells (FGCs) and gonadal somatic cells in human embryos and fetuses. Clustering analysis of testes and ovaries revealed several novel cell subsets, including POU5F1+SPARC+ FGCs and KRT19+ somatic cells. Furthermore, our data indicated that DLK1+ cells may be the progenitors of steroidogenic cell lineages in both sexes and that TAC1+ cells may be the progenitors of granulosa cells in females. Intriguingly, the testosterone synthesis function transitioned from fetal Sertoli cells to adult Leydig cells in a step-wise manner. Moreover, interactions between gonadal somatic cells were systematically explored and verified in our study. In detail, we observed that Sertoli cells interacted with Leydig cells through DHH-PTCH1 and PDGFA-PDGFRA/PDGFRB ligand-receptor gene pairs. More importantly, we identified cell type-specific developmental defects of both FGCs and gonadal somatic cells in a Turner syndrome embryo (45, XO). Our work provides a blueprint of the complex yet highly ordered development and interactions of human FGCs and gonadal microenvironment cells.
2022-12-31 | GSE161421 | GEO
Project description:RTP determination in cell lines
| PRJNA421198 | ENA
Project description:Systematic somatic mutation screening of 4000 genes in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Information on corresponding somatic mutations in each sample can be found at http://www.sanger.ac.uk/genetics/CGP/Studies/. Correlating gene expression profiling with mutational status
2010-05-16 | E-GEOD-17818 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Systematic somatic mutation screening of 4000 genes in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Information on corresponding somatic mutations in each sample can be found at http://www.sanger.ac.uk/genetics/CGP/Studies/.
2010-01-05 | GSE17818 | GEO