Project description:The non-malignant, IL-3 dependent pro-B cell line Ba/F3 has previously been used for assessing transformation capability of oncogenes. We investigated functional and transcriptional changes in Ba/F3 cells upon Sox11 induction and find that the transcription factor Sox11 in this cellular background did not act as an oncogene.
Project description:The neural transcription factor SOX11 is overexpressed in aggressive lymphoid neoplasms mainly in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). We have recently demonstrated SOX11 tumorigenic potential in vivo by showing a significant reduction on tumor growth of SOX11-knockdown MCL cells in xenograft experiments, confirming the clinical observations that SOX11 may play an important role in the aggressive behavior of MCL (Vegliante et al., 2013). However, the specific mechanisms regulated by SOX11 that promote the oncogenic and rapid tumor growth of aggressive MCL still remain to be elucidated. To further characterize the potential oncogenic mechanisms regulated by SOX11 in MCL, we have analyzed the GEP derived from the xenograft SOX11-positive and knockdown xenograft derived tumors. Differential gene expression between SOX11-positive Z138 and SOX11-negative Z138 MCL cell lines xenotransplanted in SCID mices derived tumors.
Project description:The neural transcription factor SOX11 is overexpressed in aggressive lymphoid neoplasms mainly in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). We have recently demonstrated SOX11 tumorigenic potential in vivo by showing a significant reduction on tumor growth of SOX11-knockdown MCL cells in xenograft experiments, confirming the clinical observations that SOX11 may play an important role in the aggressive behavior of MCL (Vegliante et al., 2013). However, the specific mechanisms regulated by SOX11 that promote the oncogenic and rapid tumor growth of aggressive MCL still remain to be elucidated. To further characterize the potential oncogenic mechanisms regulated by SOX11 in MCL, we have analyzed the GEP derived from the xenograft SOX11-positive and knockdown xenograft derived tumors. Differential gene expression between SOX11-positive Z138 and SOX11-negative Z138 MCL cell lines xenotransplanted in SCID mices derived tumors. To determine the transcriptional programs regulated by SOX11 we first generated a MCL cellular model with reduced SOX11 protein levels by infecting MCL cell lines with lentiviral particles carrying shRNA plasmids specifically targeting SOX11 (shSOX11.1 and shSOX11.3). Next, CB17-severe combined immunodeficient (CB17-SCID) mice (Charles River Laboratory, Wilmington, MA) were subcutaneously inoculated into their lower dorsum with Z138 shSOX11.1, shSOX11.3, shControl in Matrigel basement membrane matrix and compared the GEP of SOX11-positive and SOX11-negative MCL xenotransplant derived tumors using the Affymetrix U133+2.0 microarrays.
Project description:Mass spectrometry confirmed Ala mis-incorporation in polyQ, demonstrating misincorporation at each position in polyQ at a level of ~10% Ala at Gln codons. Cells expressing the missense suppressor tRNAs showed no growth defect or significant changes in cytotoxicity. Our findings demonstrate that tRNA-dependent missense suppression of glutamine codons is well-tolerated in cells has the potential to modify and significantly reduce protein aggregation that causes HD.
Project description:The early retinal progenitor-expressed gene Sox11 regulates the timing of the differentiation of retinal cells. Sry-related HMG box (Sox) proteins play diverse and critical roles in a variety of morphogenetic processes during embryonic development. Sox11 and Sox4 are members of the SoxC subtype, and we found that Sox11 was strongly expressed in early retinal progenitor cells, and that when expression of Sox11 subsided around birth, Sox4 expression began. To analyze the role of Sox11 and Sox4 in retinal development, we perturbed their expression pattern by expressing them ectopically in retinal explant culture. Overexpression of Sox11 or Sox4 in retinal progenitors resulted in similar phenotypes, that is, increased cone cells and decreased Muller glia. Sox11-knockout retinas showed delayed onset and progress of differentiation of early-born retinal cells during the embryonic period. After birth, retinal differentiation took place relatively normally, probably because of the redundant activity of Sox4, which starts to differentiate around birth. Neither overexpression nor loss-of-function analysis gave any evidence that Sox11 and Sox4 directly regulate transcription of genes critical to early-born retinal cells. However, histone H3 acetylation status of the early neurogenic genes was lowered in knockout retinas, suggesting that Sox11 regulates the timing of differentiation in early-born retinas by creating an epigenetic state that helps to establish the competency to differentiate. We also found that the unique expression patterns of Sox11 and Sox4 may be achieved by the Notch signaling pathway and by epigenetic regulation. Taking our findings together, we propose that the precise regulation of Sox11 and Sox4 expression during retinogenesis by multiple mechanisms leads to the fine adjustment of retinal differentiation. To delineate the molecular mechanisms underlying the retinal action of Sox11, we performed microarray analysis of E18 retinas from wild-type and Sox11 knockout mice. Total RNA was obtained from each one retina of Sox11 knockout and wild-type littermate embryos at E18.
Project description:Colorectal cancer (CRC) cells infiltrating surrounding tissue commonly undergo partial epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (pEMT) and employ a collective mode of invasion. How these phenotypic traits are regulated and possibly interconnected remains underexplored. Here, we used intestinal organoids with CRC driver mutations as model system to investigate the mechanistic basis of TGF‑β1-induced pEMT and collective invasion. By scRNA-seq we identified multiple cell subpopulations representing a broad pEMT spectrum, where the most advanced pEMT state correlated with the transcriptional profiles of leader cells in collective invasion and a poor prognosis mesenchymal subtype in human CRC. Bioinformatic analyses pinpointed Sox11 as a transcription factor whose expression peaked in the potential leader/pEMThigh cells. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed Sox11 expression in cells at the invasive front of TGF‑β1-treated organoids. Loss-of-function and overexpression experiments showed that Sox11 is necessary, albeit not sufficient, for TGF-β1-induced pEMT and collective invasion. In human CRC samples, elevated Sox11 expression was associated with advanced tumor stages and worse prognosis. Unexpectedly, aside from orchestrating the organoid response to TGF-β1, Sox11 controlled expression of genes related to normal gut function and tumor suppression. Apparently, Sox11 is embedded in several, distinct gene regulatory circuits, contributing to intestinal tissue homeostasis, tumor suppression, and TGF-β-mediated cancer cell invasion.
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series: GSE34528: Suppression of Progenitor Differentiation Requires the Long Non-Coding RNA ANCR [HG-U133_Plus_2] GSE34766: Suppression of Progenitor Differentiation Requires the Long Non-Coding RNA ANCR [lincRNA 391k Tiling Array V2] Refer to individual Series
Project description:The early retinal progenitor-expressed gene Sox11 regulates the timing of the differentiation of retinal cells. Sry-related HMG box (Sox) proteins play diverse and critical roles in a variety of morphogenetic processes during embryonic development. Sox11 and Sox4 are members of the SoxC subtype, and we found that Sox11 was strongly expressed in early retinal progenitor cells, and that when expression of Sox11 subsided around birth, Sox4 expression began. To analyze the role of Sox11 and Sox4 in retinal development, we perturbed their expression pattern by expressing them ectopically in retinal explant culture. Overexpression of Sox11 or Sox4 in retinal progenitors resulted in similar phenotypes, that is, increased cone cells and decreased Muller glia. Sox11-knockout retinas showed delayed onset and progress of differentiation of early-born retinal cells during the embryonic period. After birth, retinal differentiation took place relatively normally, probably because of the redundant activity of Sox4, which starts to differentiate around birth. Neither overexpression nor loss-of-function analysis gave any evidence that Sox11 and Sox4 directly regulate transcription of genes critical to early-born retinal cells. However, histone H3 acetylation status of the early neurogenic genes was lowered in knockout retinas, suggesting that Sox11 regulates the timing of differentiation in early-born retinas by creating an epigenetic state that helps to establish the competency to differentiate. We also found that the unique expression patterns of Sox11 and Sox4 may be achieved by the Notch signaling pathway and by epigenetic regulation. Taking our findings together, we propose that the precise regulation of Sox11 and Sox4 expression during retinogenesis by multiple mechanisms leads to the fine adjustment of retinal differentiation.
Project description:The neural transcription factor SOX11 is overexpressed in aggressive lymphoid neoplasms mainly in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), but its functional role in malignant B-cells is unknown. To identify target genes transcriptionally regulated by SOX11 in malignant lymphoid cells, we have used Gene Expression Profiling (GEP) after SOX11 silencing in MCL cell lines.
Project description:The neural transcription factor SOX11 is overexpressed in aggressive lymphoid neoplasms mainly in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), but its functional role in malignant B-cells is unknown. To identify target genes transcriptionally regulated by SOX11 in malignant lymphoid cells, we have used Gene Expression Profiling (GEP) after SOX11 silencing in MCL cell lines. Differential gene expression between Z138-shSOX11 and Z138-shControl MCL cell lines. To determine the transcriptional programs regulated by SOX11, we first generated an MCL cellular model with reduced SOX11 protein levels by infecting MCL cell lines with lentiviral particles carrying shRNA plasmids specifically targeting SOX11 (shSOX11.1 and shSOX11.3). Next, we compared the GEP of shSOX11 and shControl Z138 stable transduced clones using the Affymetrix U133+2.0 microarrays.